Long Bones and some short

classification of long bone

longer then it is wide

Classification of short bone

length, width, and height are all equal

Diaphysis

main shaftlike portion. Hollow, cylindrical shape, thick compact bone, provides strong support; weightless

Epiphysis

proximal and distal ends of long bone. Bulbous shape that has space near joints for muscle attachments and gives stability. Makes spongy bone and connective tissue called red marrow fills the spaces of spongy bone.

Epiphyseal plate

Layer of cartilage that Epiphyses are separated from diaphysis

Epiphyseal line

Is a bone that replaces the cartilage

Articular cartilage

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers articular or joint surfaces of epiphyses. It also cushions joints and blows

Periosteum

dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces, where articular cartilage forms covering. Can contain bone forming and destroying cells, and blood vessels that go into bone. Essential for bone cell survival

Medullary cavity

hollow space in the diaphysis AKA marrow cavity. Filled with connective tissue rich in fat called yellow marrow

Endosteum

thin fibrous membrane that lines medullary cavity. Lines of spongy bone as well.

EXAMPLES OF LONG BONE IN UPPER EXTREMITY

humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, and phalanges

EXAMPLES OF LONG BONE IN LOWER EXTREMITY

the lower limb femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges

Short

carpal bones in wrist, and tarsal bones in ankle