Phlebotomy National Exam Flashcards

Phlebotomy

Also called venipuncture, means drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut (incision) or puncture to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis.

Bloodletting

Ridding the body of excess fluids believed to be infected

Does the state mandate certification?

No

How to have a patient identify themselves?

Ask them to state and spell their full name and provide their date of birth

HIPPA Breakdown

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

HIPPA Purpose

Confidentiality

PHI Breakdown

Protected Health Information

What is PHI?

Any individually identifiable health information that is transmitted or stored electronically

TJC Breakdown

The Joint Commission

TJC Purpose

To solely look out for patients

CLSI Breakdown

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

What is CLSI?

A global, non-profit organization that develops standards

QC Breakdown

Quality Control

QC Purpose

They ensure the machines are inspected for performance and operation compliance

When a police officer comes to your lab, what do they need?

A warrant

Can a patient decline medical treatment?

Yes

Informed Consent

A competent person gives voluntary permission for a medical procedure after receiving adequate information about the risk of the procedures methods and consequences

Expressed Consent

Permission is given by the patient verbally or in writing for a procedure

Implied Consent

The patient's actions permit the procedure without verbal or written consent

HIV Consent

Special permission is needed to administer a test that detects HIV

Parental Consent for Minors

For 17 and under

In-patient identification

A non-removable waterproof identification band

Out-patient identification

A state issued ID containing DOB

Barcoded Identification

Scan the identification band and then scan the requisition order form and ensure all labels match and are assigned to the correct patient.

How do you to handle a mistake?

Report the incident to your supervisor

OSHA Breakdown

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA Purpose

Safety and Health

OSHA Laboratory Rules

-Never eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum in the lab

-Never place pens or pencils in your mouth

-Never put food or drinks in the specimen refrigerator

-Never wear long chains, large earrings, or loose bracelets

-Never apply cosmetics, perfume, or cologne in the lab

-Always wear a fully buttoned lab coat in the lab

-Never wear lab attire outside the lab

Always wear comfortable, non-slip shoes made of impenetrable materials

-Always tie back long hair

-Always keep fingernails cut short

-Never bite fingernails

-Always wear proper PPE when working in the lab

OSHA Patient Care Rooms

-Report unresponsive patients immediately! - NO PASS ZONE!

-Avoid running

-Be careful entering and exiting patient rooms

-Do not touch electrical equipment in patient care rooms while drawing blood

-Follow standard precautions when handling specimens

-Properly dispose of contaminated materials

-Replace bed rails to the exact setting as when you came into the room before leaving

-Report infiltrated IV catheters and lines or other IV problems

-Report unusual orders in patient's room

-Watch out for and report spilled food and liquid on the floor

How can HBV/HIV be transmitted?

-Sexual contact

-Sharing of hypodermic needles

-From mothers to their babies at or before birth

-Accidental puncture from contaminated needles, broken glass, or other sharps

-Contact between mucous membranes and infected body fluids

-Contact between broken or damaged skin and infected body fluids

-Blood-to-blood contact with infected

-Through the eyes, nose, and mouth mucous membranes

Direct Contact Transmission

Skin-to-skin contact

Indirect Contact Transmission

Contact with a contaminated intermediate object

Droplet Transmission

Contact with mucous membranes. Exs: coughing, sneezing, or talking

Airborne Transmission

Dispersed widely by air currents

Vehicle Transmission

Occurs when the agent is contained in the bodily fluid that the susceptible host contacts. Exs: doorknob, faucet, public telephone, pen in the mouth

Vector-borne transmission

Occurs when a pathogen transmits through an invertebrate, such as an insect.

Parenteral Transmission

Occurs when a disease or infection is transmitted other than by mouth, nose, or eyes. Exs: needlestick, open wound, hangnail, etc

When will healthcare personnel who will be potentially be exposed to bodily fluids receive the vaccination series against Hepatitis B from their employer?

Within 10 days of beginning employment

Easiest and most effective way to break the chain of transmission

Washing your hands

How much soap do you use?

Enough to form a lather

What does PPE include?

-Masks

-Goggles or safety glasses

-Face shields

-Respirators

-Gloves

-Gowns

PPE Order of Removal

1. Gloves

2. Goggles

3. Gown

4. Mask

Never Do the Following

-Eat

-Drink

-Smoke

-Apply cosmetics or lip balm

-Handle contact lenses

-Pipette or suction biohazardous materials by mouth

Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act

Your employer must establish a sharps injury log for percutaneous injury from contaminated sharps

What to do if patient is allergic to latex?

Use nitrile gloves

What is the most commonly occurring nosocomial infection for lab employees?

HBV

HBV Breakdown

Hepatitis B

PPE Breakdown

Personal Protective Equipment

DOB Breakdown

Date of Birth

How many shots does the HBV vaccine come in?

3

Does infection with HBV stop someone from getting another type?

No

What is Hepatitis B?

Initially causes liver inflation, but it can lead to more severe cirrhosis and liver cancer conditions.

Is there a specific cure for Hepatitis B?

No, but treatment options are available

HBV Symptoms

-Mild flu-like

-May not show for some time

-After exposure, can take 1-9 months before they become noticeable

-Within 1-3 months (though this can occur sooner or later), a sense of fatigue possible stomach pain, loss of appetite, and even nausea commonly occur

-As the disease progresses, jaundice and darkened urine will often occur

CDC Breakdown

Centers for Disease Control

What does the CDC recommend?

Universal precautions