Chapter 11: Facial / Orbit Anatomy

14

How many facial bones are there?

- Maxillary bones (2)

- Zygomatic bones (2)

- Lacrimal bones (2)

- Nasal bones (2)

- Inferior nasal conchae (2)

- Palatine bones (2)

- Vomer (1)

- Mandible (1)

What are the 14 facial bones?

Vomer and mandible

Mostly all the facial bones are paired, except which two?

Maxillary Bones

What are the largest immovable facial bones that assist in the formation of the mouth, nasal cavity, and orbits of the eyes?

- Frontal

- Ethmoid

What two cranial bones does the maxillae articulate with?

- Zygoma

- Lacrimal

- Nasal

- Palatine

- Inferior nasal concha

- Vomer

- Adjacent maxilla

What seven facial bones does the maxillae articulate with?

- Frontal process

- Zygomatic process

- Alveolar process

- Palatine process

What are the four processes that projects from the body of each maxilla?

Frontal Process

Which process of the maxillae projects upwards along the lateral border of the nose toward the frontal bone?

Zygomatic Process

Which process of the maxillae projects laterally to unite with the zygoma?

Alveolar Process

Which process of the maxillae is the inferior aspect of the maxilla and contains roots for the teeth?

Anterior Nasal Spine

What is the upper portion of the midline union between the two maxillae?

Acanthion

What is the point at the superior aspect of the anterior nasal spine of the maxillae?

Palatine Process

Which process of the maxillae forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth called the hard or bony palate?

Palatine Bones

What is the L-shaped horizontal portion that forms the posterior part of the hard palate?

Zygoma

What is located laterally to the zygomatic process of each maxilla?

Zygomatic Arch

What is the slender process that connects with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and projects posteriorly from the zygoma?

- Frontal

- Sphenoid

- Temporal

- Maxilla

- What three cranial bones does the zygoma articulate with?

- What facial bone does the zygoma articulate with?

Lacrimal Bones

What are the two small and delicate facial bones (about the size and shape of a fingernail) that lie anteriorly on the medial side of each orbit just posterior to the frontal process of the maxilla?

Tear ducts

What does the lacrimal bones contain?

- Frontal

- Ethmoid

- Maxilla

- Inferior Nasal Concha

- What two cranial bones does the lacrimal atriculate with?

- What two facial bones does the lacrimal articulate with?

Nasal Bone

What are the small fused bones that form the bridge of the nose, are variable in size, and lie anterior to the frontal process of the maxilla and inferior to the frontal bone?

- Frontal

- Ethmoid

- Maxilla

- Adjacent nasal bone

- What two cranial bones does the nasal bone articulate with?

- What two facial bones does the nasal bone articulate with?

Inferior Nasal Conchae Bone (Turbinates)

What are the two platelike, curved (or scroll-shaped) facial bones that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity on each side?

Warm and filter

What does the inferior nasal conchae do to air that is breathed into the nose?

- Ethmoid

- Maxilla

- Lacrimal

- Palatine

- What cranial bone does the inferior nasal conchae articulate with?

- What three facial bones does inferior nasal conchae articulate with?

Bony Nasal Septum

What is the facial bone that separates the nasal cavity into two nostrils?

Ethmoid and vomer

What two bones form the bony nasal septum?

Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid

What is the superior portion of the bony nasal septum?

Septal Cartilage

What is the cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum that is anterior?

Vomer

What is the single thin, triangular bone that is plowshare shaped and forms the inferoposterior part of the nasal septum?

Deviated nasal septum

What is the clinical condition wherein the nasal septum is deflected or displaced laterally from the midline of the nose?

Mandible

What is the largest facial bone in the lower jaw and the only movable bone in the adult skull?

Gonion

What divides each half of the mandible into two main parts?

Body of mandible

What is the area anterior to gonion?

Ramus of mandible

What is the area superior to the gonion?

Mental Protuberance (Mental Point)

What is the flat triangular area on the mandible that is marked by two knoblike protuberances that project forward?

Mental Foramen

What serves as passageways for the mental artery and vein and mental nerve that innervates the lower lip and chin located on each half of the mandible?

Mandibular Notch

What is the U-shaped notch on the upper portion of each ramus?

Coronoid Process

What is the process at the anterior end of the mandibular notch on the ramus?

Condyloid Process

What is the posterior process of the upper ramus?

Condyle Head

What is the rounded end of the condyloid process?

Condyle Neck

What is the constricted area directly below the condyle of the condyloid process?

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

What is the only movable joint in the skull?

Diarthrodial and synovial

What is the joint classification of the TMJ?

condyle / temporomandibular fossa / temporomandibular

The ___________ of the condyloid process fits into the __________________________ ____________ of the temporal bone to form the ____________________________ joint

Orbit of Skull

On the skull, what is the cone-shaped, bony-walled structure?

7 bones

How many bones is each orbit composed of?

- Frontal

- Ethmoid

- Sphenoid

What are the three cranial bones each orbit is composed of?

- Maxilla

- Zygoma

- Lacrimal

- Palatine

What are the four facial bones each orbit is composed of?

Base of Orbit

What is the rim of the orbit, that corresponds to the outer circular portion of the cone?

Apex of Orbit

What is the posterior portion of the cone that corresponds with the optic foramen through which the optic nerve passes?

53°

How many degrees does the head need to be turned to visualize the optic foramen?

Optic Foramen

What is the small hole in the sphenoid bone that is located posteriorly at the apex of the cone-shaped orbit?

Superior Orbital Fissue

What is the cleft or opening between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone located lateral to the optic foramen?

Inferior Orbital Fissure

What is the opening between the maxilla, zygomatic bone, and greater wing of the sphenoid in the orbit?

Blowout Fracture

What is a fracture of the floor of the orbit caused by an object striking the eyes straight on and as the floor of the orbit ruptures, the inferior rectus muscle is forced through the fracture into the maxillary sinus?

Tripod Fracture

What type of fracture is caused by a blow on the cheek, resulting in fracture of the zygoma in three places which is then called a "free-floating" zygoma?

Contrecoup Fracture

What is a fracture to one side of a structure that is caused by an impact on the opposite side (funyun fracture)?

Foreign Body of the Eye

What is a fracture that refers to metal or other types of fragments in the eye which is a relatively common industrial mishap?