APUSH Period 1 (1491-1607)

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42 Terms

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What are the Three Sisters?

Three staple crops (corn, beans, and squash) favored by many native tribes in North America.

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What is the significance of the name 'Three Sisters'?

The name references their interdependence: the cornstalks provided a structure for the beans to grow up, and the squash held moisture in the soil for all three.

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What is the Great League of Peace?

A political confederation of five (later six) Iroquois tribes, which sought to coordinate collective action.

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What is another name for the Great League of Peace?

Haudenosaunee.

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When is the Great League of Peace believed to have formed?

Around 1450.

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How did the Great League of Peace function?

Each tribe maintained its own political system and religious beliefs.

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Who was Christopher Columbus?

Italian explorer and colonizer who stumbled across the Bahamas in October 1492.

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What was Christopher Columbus trying to prove?

A westward sea route for East Asian trade existed.

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Who was the first European to visit the islands of Hispaniola and Cuba?

Christopher Columbus.

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Who was Amerigo Vespucci?

Italian explorer and cartographer who determined that the New World was a distinct continent from Asia.

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When did Amerigo Vespucci make his trip along the South American coast?

1499-1502.

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What is the Columbian Exchange?

The transmission and interchange of plants, animals, diseases, cultures, human populations, and technologies between the New World and the Old World.

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What were the consequences of the Columbian Exchange?

Greatly benefited Europe and Asia while simultaneously bringing catastrophe to American Indian populations and cultures.

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Who was Jacques Cartier?

French explorer who cultivated a fur trade with American Indians.

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What did Jacques Cartier dub the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and its surroundings?

The Country of Canadas, a term derived from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word for village/settlement.

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Who was Samuel de Champlain?

French explorer known as 'The Father of New France' who founded Quebec in 1608.

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What did Samuel de Champlain do?

Made the first accurate maps of what is modern-day Eastern Canada.

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What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?

An agreement signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494 to divide Christopher Columbus's discoveries of the New World.

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What did the Treaty of Tordesillas establish?

The zone of Portuguese influence in what would become Brazil.

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Spanish Requirement of 1513

Spain's divine right to conquer the New World

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Vasco Nuñez de Balboa

Spanish explorer who crossed the Isthmus of Panama

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Juan Ponce de León

Spanish explorer who led the first European expedition to Florida

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Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the Earth

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Hernán Cortés

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire

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Conquistadores

Spanish and Portuguese soldiers and explorers who colonized Latin America

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Encomienda

Legal system where conquistadores extracted tribute from American Indians

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Repartimiento

System that replaced encomienda, granting freedom to American Indians

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Who was Juan de Oñate?

Conquistador born in New Spain.

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What did Juan de Oñate establish?

First permanent colonial settlement in the American Southwest.

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What was Juan de Oñate infamous for?

The 1599 Acoma Massacre.

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What happened during the Acoma Massacre?

Over 800 American Indians were killed.

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What happened to Juan de Oñate after the Acoma Massacre?

Recalled to Spain and convicted for cruelty toward natives and colonists.

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Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?

English polymath and important figure of the Elizabeathan era.

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What permission did Queen Elizabeth I grant Sir Walter Raleigh?

Permission to explore and colonize the New World.

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What did Sir Walter Raleigh found?

Roanoke, the first attempted English colony in the New World.

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Why is Roanoke nicknamed 'the Lost Colony'?

Its inhabitants vanished for unknown reasons.

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When was Roanoke founded?

1585.

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What is the Virginia Company?

Collective name for two joint stock companies chartered in 1606.