FLASHCARD 12: RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION Part I

RENAISSANCE

A rebirth of Greek and Roman culture.

Began in Italy because they avoided the economic downturn of the later middle ages.

A time of inquiry or questioning

HUMANISM

Importance is placed on human (secular) matters and not religion.

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

Wrote a book called "The Prince" which gave advice on how to be a ruler.

Famous quotes," It is better to be feared than to be loved" & "the ends justify the means"

FLORENCE

City -state led by the Medici's, a wealthy banking family.

Cosimo & Lorenzo Medici were patrons (supporters) of the arts

Used tax money to make Florence a beautiful city.

ROME

City-state run by the Pope and cardinals.

Renaissance popes focused on building churches and palaces.

Focused more on government issues than religious.

VENICE

City-state ruled by an elected "doge"

Richest merchant families actually ruled (The Council of Ten)

Famous for their great painters

MICHELANGELO

Famous sculptor & painter

Painted scenes from the Bible on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

LEONARDO DA VINCI

Considered the ultimate Renaissance man

Famous works were the "Mona Lisa" & the "Last Supper"

Drafted sketches of flying machines and submarines centuries before they were invented.

PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Period of time where the Catholic Church and its practices were being questioned

Movement for reforms begin in Germany.

MARTIN LUTHER

A German monk who is responsible for starting the Protestant Reformation

Felt a person could gain entrance into heaven simply by faith in God's mercy & love (justification by faith)

MARTIN LUTHER'S PROTEST

The Catholic church was selling "indulgences" (paying for the forgiveness of sins)

Luther protested saying money does not gain a person entrance into heaven

Luther nails his 95 Theses (things wrong with the Catholic Church) to a church door in Germany.

COUNCIL OF TRENT

Catholics meet to make reforms, in response to Luther's protest

Stop selling indulgences.

DIVIDED EUROPE

Europe splits religiously between a Protestant north and Catholic south.

England begins the Anglican church (a combination of the 2 faiths)