the 1920s test

Prohibition / Banning the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the U.S. under the 18th Amendment; led to speakeasies and organized crime.

Dry vs. Wet / “Dry” supported Prohibition; “Wet” opposed Prohibition and wanted alcohol legalized.

Speakeasies / Illegal secret bars created during Prohibition.

Organized Crime / Criminal groups that grew during Prohibition by selling illegal alcohol; Al Capone is the most famous example.

Al Capone / Chicago mob leader who made money from bootlegging during Prohibition; later arrested for tax evasion.

Scopes Trial / 1925 trial over teaching evolution in schools; symbolized the conflict between faith and reason.

Faith vs. Reason / Cultural conflict between religious fundamentalism and modern science during the 1920s.

Great Migration / Movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities for jobs and less segregation.

Harlem Renaissance / Cultural movement celebrating African American art, music, and literature; included Langston Hughes.

Langston Hughes / Poet and writer who became a leading voice of the Harlem Renaissance.

Marcus Garvey / Black nationalist who promoted Black pride, self-reliance, and a return to Africa movement.

Nativism / Fear or hatred of immigrants; belief that native-born Americans are superior.

Emergency Quota Act / Law that limited immigration by setting quotas based on earlier census data.

National Origins Act / Law that further restricted immigration, favoring Northern and Western Europeans.

Red Scare / Period of fear that communism and anarchism threatened the United States.

Palmer Raids / Government arrests of suspected communists and radicals during the Red Scare.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK) / White supremacist group promoting native-born, white, Protestant dominance.

18th Amendment / Established Prohibition in the United States.

19th Amendment / Granted women the right to vote.

Washington Naval Conference / Meeting to limit naval arms and prevent another war; led by Charles Evans Hughes.

5-Power Treaty / Treaty that limited the size of navies by ship ratio among major powers.

4-Power Treaty / Agreement to respect territorial holdings in the Pacific.

9-Power Treaty / Treaty that supported the Open Door Policy in China and free trade.

Open Door Policy / Policy allowing all nations equal trading rights in China.

Dawes Plan / U.S. plan that loaned money to Germany so it could pay reparations; temporarily stabilized Europe until 1929.

Reparations / Payments Germany was required to make after World War I.

Kellogg-Briand Pact / International agreement that outlawed war but had no real enforcement.

Laissez-Faire / Economic policy where the government stays out of business regulation.

Andrew Mellon / Treasury Secretary who lowered income and inheritance taxes during the 1920s.

Easy Credit / Borrowing money easily through loans, installment plans, or buying on margin.

Buying on the Margin / Purchasing stocks with borrowed money, hoping prices will rise.

Overproduction / Producing more goods than consumers can buy, causing prices to fall and workers to lose jobs.

Stock Market Speculation / Risky investment in stocks to make quick profits.

Black Thursday / October 24, 1929; the beginning of the stock market crash.

Black Tuesday / October 29, 1929; the day the stock market collapsed.

Great Depression / Severe worldwide economic downturn beginning in 1929 marked by high unemployment and bank failures.

Bank Run / When many people rush to withdraw money from banks, causing banks to fail.