Unit 6: World Between Wars

World History Unit 6

What was a primary feature of economic nationalization in Mexico?

The government's acquisition and control of key industries, such as oil, mining, and transportation, in order to promote economic development and protect national interests.

Took control of oil sources

What was the Good Neighbor Policy?

Policy in which American President Franklin Roosevelt promised that the United States would interfere less in Latin American affairs.

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United states withdrew troops stationed in Haiti and Nicaragua and lifted the Platt Amendment, what had limited Cuban independence.

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1930s

Define Negritude Movement

A literary movement further awakened nationalism and self-confidence among Africans. French-speaking writers from West Africa and the Caribbean who were living in Paris founded the negritude movement. Writes of the negritude movement expressed pride in their African roots and culture and protested colonial rule.

Describe some of the values and beliefs of Mohandas Gandhi.

He fought laws that discriminated against Indians in South Africa. During this struggle against injustice, he began to develop a tactic of nonviolent resistance. He joined the congress party and campaigned for the rights of Indian workers, but not calling for Indian independence.

What was the Amritsar Massacre?

1919

The Amristar massacre happened because there was a peaceful protest against the Rowlatt Acts which allowed British people to arrest and imprison any Indian citizen that disobeyed or urged people to disobey the government, but General Reginald Dyer banned public meetings and many at the protests didn’t know. Dyer sent troops to the protest and killed 400 people and wounded more than 1,100. 

In which way were the fascist government in Italy and the communist government in the Soviet Union most similar?

The methods they used to ensure loyalty

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Both used terror to guard their power.

Why did many Italians turn to fascism after World War I?

Fascism promised to restore order and national pride, appealing to those who were disillusioned with democracy. Additionally, fascist leader Benito Mussolini was able to gain support by portraying himself as a strong and charismatic leader who could solve Italy's problems.

What were some of the characteristics of a fascist government? 

dictatorial leaders, suppress opposition and dissent, promote extreme nationalism, and militarize and control media and education.

What did Stalin do to people living in Ukraine in the 1930s?

In 1932, there was ruthless policy, combined with poor harvests, led to a terrible famine. This was called the Terror Famine, causing between five and eight million people to die from starvation.

What were some of the goals of Stalin after he took control of the Soviet Union?

To build heavy industry, improve transportation, and increase farm output

Define Anti-Semistism

hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people

How did Hitler act out anti-Semitism?

Hitler set out to drive Jews from Germany. 1935 Nuremberg Laws were passed which deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed severe restrictions on them.

Prohibited from marrying non-Jews, attending or teaching German schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine, or publishing books.

What was the impact of both World War I and the Amritsar massacre on Indian nationalism?

The impact of World War I and the Amritsar massacre on Indian nationalism was significant. World War I led to increased Indian participation in the war effort, which in turn led to demands for greater political rights and self-rule. The Amritsar massacre, in which British troops fired on unarmed Indian protesters, further fueled nationalist sentiment and led to increased calls for independence.

How was Hitler able to shift political thought in Germany in order to establish and maintain a totalitarian state?

using propaganda, fear tactics, and scapegoating to appeal to the frustrations and resentments of the German people. He promised to restore Germany's economy and national pride. Once in power, he established a totalitarian state by eliminating the opposition, controlling the media, and creating a cult of personality around himself. The use of secret police and concentration camps helped to maintain his regime's control over the population.

Describe Hitler’s fanatical anti-Semitism and how he tried to drive Jewish people from Germany.

Hitler believed Jews caused Germany's problems and were a threat to the Aryan race. He made laws like the Nuremberg Laws to discriminate against Jews, taking away their rights and citizenship. He also promoted violence, leading to the Holocaust and the murder of millions of Jews. Hitler aimed to expel all Jews from Europe.

Discuss the role of propaganda in shaping a totalitarian state. Is propaganda used today? Explain.

Propaganda plays a crucial role in shaping a totalitarian state by controlling the information that citizens receive and manipulating their beliefs and behaviors. Totalitarian regimes use propaganda to create a cult of personality around the leader, promote a sense of national unity, and demonize perceived enemies of the state.

. In democratic societies, propaganda is often used by political parties and interest groups to shape public opinion and influence policy decisions. The rise of social media has also made it easier for individuals and groups to spread propaganda and disinformation.