Unit 4 Medical Terminology

cardi/o

heart

angi/o

blood vessel

phleb/o

vein

pericardi/o

pericardium

steth/o

chest

aort/o

aorta

nas/o

nose

laryng/o

larnyx

trache/o

windpipe

bronch/o

airways

spir/o

breathing

thromb/o

blood clot

hemat/o

blood

erythr/o

red

leuk/o

white

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood (92% water)

Leukocytes

White blood cells responsible for immune defense

Thrombocytes

Platelets essential for clotting

Neutrophils

Most numerous leukocyte; respond to bacterial infection

Eosinophils

Increase during allergic reactions

Monocytes

Largest blood cells; become macrophages

Lymphocytes

Agranulocytes involved in immunity

Anemia

Insufficient oxygen delivery due to low RBCs

Pernicious anemia

B12 deficiency anemia

Polycythemia

Increased RBC count

Leukemia

Cancer of white blood cells

Pancytopenia

Deficiency of all cellular blood components

Purpura

Purple skin spots from small vessel bleeding

Hemolysis

Destruction of red blood cells

AB blood type

Universal recipient

Rh factor

Antigen on RBCs determining + or – typing

Thrombus

Stationary blood clot

Embolus

Traveling blood clot

Atheroma

Fatty plaque buildup

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of arteries due to plaque

Atria

Upper chambers of the heart

Ventricles

Lower chambers of the heart

Septum

Dividing wall of the heart; divides into right and left sides, atrial (upper chambers) and ventricular (lower chambers).

Tricuspid valve

Right atrioventricular valve

Mitral valve

Left atrioventricular valve

Endocardium

Inner lining of the heart

Myocardium

Muscle layer of the heart

Epicardium

Outer surface of the heart

Pericardium

Protective sac surrounding the heart

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate

Cardiac arrest

Complete cessation of heart activity

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack

Aneurysm

Bulging, weakened arterial wall

Lumen

Inner space of a blood vessel

Endothelium

Smooth inner arterial lining

Carotid artery

Supplies blood to head and neck

Popliteal artery

Supplies area behind the knee

Trachea

Windpipe leading to bronchi

Bronchi

Primary airways entering lungs

Bronchioles

Smaller branches of bronchi

Apex

Top portion of the lung

Oropharynx

Back portion of the throat

Mediastinum

Space between lungs where trachea divides

Atelectasis

Collapsed lung

Laryngitis

Inflamed larynx causing hoarseness

Tuberculosis

Infection caused by bacilli bacteria

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood

Bradypnea

Slow breathing

Tachypnea

Fast breathing

Echocardiography

Ultrasound imaging of the heart

Stent

Device inserted to keep a vessel open

Cardiotonics

Medications that strengthen heart contractions

Bronchoscopy

Viewing airways with a flexible scope

Percussion

Tapping the chest to assess lung condition

Auscultation

Listening with a stethoscope

Angioplasty

Procedure to widen narrowed vessels

Arteriotomy

Incision into an artery

Endarterectomy

Removal of plaque from an artery

Cardiotonics

used to increase the force of cardiac contractions

Anticoagulants

Prevent blood clots

Thrombolytics

Dissolve clots

Vasodilators

Widen blood vessels

Vasoconstrictors

Narrow blood vessels

Expectorants

Loosen mucus for productive cough

Antitussives

Suppress cough

Decongestants

Reduce nasal swelling and congestion

Cartilage

Forms the structure of the Adam’s apple

Cilia

Hair-like structures filtering inhaled air

Average blood volume

5–6 liters in an adult

Plasma*

92% water; transports nutrients & waste*

Arteries

Carry oxygenated blood away from heart

Veins

Carry deoxygenated blood toward heart

Aorta

Largest vessel in the body

Blood Cultures

used to determine bacterial infections

Average amount of blood in the human body?

5 Liters

Sphygmomanometer

blood pressure cuff