Science Module 1 - Solar System II

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Creation of the Solar System

Natural forces created and shaped our solar system. The same processes (condensation, accretion, collision, and differentiation) that created it are ongoing processes.

Condensation

The process of forming solid particles from the solar nebular. The solar nebular cools down and clumps them together to form these solid particles.

Accretion

A process by which dust and gas accumulate to form larger celestial/heavenly bodies such as planets.

Differentiation

Process by which a planet separates into distinct layers, such as the core, mantle, and crust.

Acceptable Scientifc Thought

Any hypothesis on the origin of the Solar System has to be consistent with and supported by information about it. Currently accepted ideas would need to be revised if data no longer supports those ideas.

Nebular Hypothesis

In the 1700s, Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace all independently thought of a rotating gaseous cloud that cools and contracts in the middle to form the sun and the rest into a disc that becomes planets.

The common theme between the hypotheses by the 3 scientists is that it involves an unlikely encounter between the Sun and another celestial body.

Encounter Hypothesis

One of the earliest theories for the formation of the planets: a rogue star passes close to the Sun about 5 billion years ago. Material, in the form of hot gas, is tidally stripped from the Sun and the rogue star. This material fragments into smaller lumps that form the planets.

This hypothesis explains why the planets all revolve in the same direction and explains why the inner worlds are denser than the outer worlds, unlike the others.

Protoplanet Hypothesis

This hypothesis states that because of collisions, fragments of dust and solid matter begin sticking to each other to form larger and larger celestial bodies. These protoplanets are accretions of frozen water, ammonia, methane, silicon, aluminum, iron, and other metals that are inside rock and mineral grains that are enveloped in hydrogen and helium.

High speed collision with large objects destroys much of the mantle of Mercury and puts Venus in retrograde rotation (orbit and spinning of the planet are opposite directions).

Collision of the Earth with large objects produce the moon. Supported by the composition of the moon being very similar to the Earth’s mantle.

When the proto-Sun is established as a star, its solar wind blasts hydrogen, helium, and volatiles from the inner planets to beyond Mars that form the gas giants.

Dooshik-Creation Hypothesis

Hypothesis that states the force of each row of Dooshik’s abs generated heat and gravitational pull, causing numerous particles, materials, metals, etc to accrete in one centralized area. Each accretion had its own ab, with the terrestrial planets forming on the upper 2 rows of Dooshik’s abs whereas the gas giants forming on the lower 2 rows of Dooshik’s abs.

The Sun was stated to have been formed by material gathering near his chest muscles, with the intense heat generated from those muscles giving the Sun its scorching temperature and appearance.

This hypothesis has the advantage of providing a clear, scientific explanation of how the Sun and the planets formed, along with the planets’ order from the Sun.