Lipids: Fats, Phospholipids, and Waxes

4 types of lipids

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Waxes

Steroids

Triglycerides function

Storage

The subunit molecules (monomers) that join together to form a triglyceride are _______ and _______

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Structure of glycerol: # of carbon atoms, # of hydroxyl (-OH) groups, how many other hydrogenatoms?

3 carbon atoms

3 hydroxyl (-OH) groups

5 other hydrogen atoms

Fatty acid molecule

The first carbon atom of any fatty acid is part of the functional group called _____. This group is free to bind with ______

Carboxyl group (COOH)

Glycerol

If all the carbons in the chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrongens the fat is _______

Saturated

If there is at least one C=C double bond in the chait it is _______

unsaturated

In general, solid fats (such as butter) are more _____

Saturated

Liquid fats (such as oils) are more _______

unsaturated

What happens to the relative amount of unsaturated lipids in the plasma membrane when E. coli bacteria grow at 25 celcius and then grow at 37 celcius?

At higher temps, bacteria increase the saturated fatty acid content in their phospholipid to keep the cell membrane from becoming too fluid. Saturated fatty acids are more consistent at higher T as compared to unsaturated fatty acids/.

What happens during a dehydration reaction of a triglyceride?

H2O is released

During a dehydration reaction of a triglyceride, the H atom of one hydroxyl group (in glycerol) joins with a -OH of a carboxyl group (in a fatty acid) to form ___

3 H2Os

Complete the dehydration reaction for making a triglyceride

___Glycerol + ___fatty acids → ___ triglyceride + ___ water

1 glycerol

3 fatty acids

1 triglyceride

3 water

Because a water molecule is released at each ____ bond, this is an example of dehydration synthesis

Ester

Generally, _____ can be found in animals while ___ can be found in plants

Fats

Oils

When the H atom is on either side of the double bond are on the same side of the unsaturated fatty acid it is known as ___ Fatty acids

Cis

If the H atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond on an unsaturated fatty acid it is called ____ fatty acid

Trans