DRRR

I love rain

Hydrometeorological Hazards

Processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic in nature that can cause loss of life, damage to properties, socio-economic disruption, and environmental damage

Typhoons

Intense low-pressure system with a minimum sustained wind velocity of 35 kph

Thunderstorms

Localized storm cloud that produces lightning and thunder often brings heavy rain showers and strong winds

Storm Surges

Sudden rise of sea level above the normal level on the coast due to a drop in atmospheric pressure and the force of the wind as a tropical cyclone approaches the coast

Flooding

Abnormal progressive rise in the water level of a stream; may result in the overflowing by the water of the normal confines of the stream

El Nino Southern Oscillation

Climatic phenomenon characterized mainly by cyclic fluctuations of warm and cold sea surface temperatures and atmospheric pressure  in the central and eastern Pacific

Tropical Cyclone

type of storm system that forms over warm ocean waters in tropical and subtropical regions

Tropical Depression

Tropical cyclone at 61kph or less

Tropical Storm

Tropical Cycone at 62-88kph

Severe Tropical Storm

Tropical Cyclone at 89-117kph

Typhoon

Tropical Cyclone at 118-220

Super Typhoon

Tropical Cyclone at more than 220kph

Philippine area of responsibility

Meaning of PAR

Public storm warning signals

Meaning of PSWS

Developing Stage

Towering cumulus cloud indicates rising air

Mature Stage

Most likely time for hail, heavy rain, frequent lightning, strong winds, and tornadoes

Dissipating Stage

Downdrafts, downward flowing air, dominate the storm

Riverine

a flood that occurs when rivers overflow their banks and flow into surrounding areas

El Nino

Warm water, weak trade winds, droughts

La Nina

Cool water, strong trade winds, lots of rain

9 Days

How long a typhoon may last

Volcano

A rupture in the earth’s crust

Magma

Molten rock found within Earth

Lava

Molten rock released from Earth’s mantle

Magma Chamber

Large underground pool of magma within the volcano

Crater

The opening at the top of a volcano

Main vent

Channel magma flows through to get to the surface

50

how many volcanoes erupt per year

Pacific ring of fire

Where 75% of volcanoes are

Hotspot

Columns of rising mantle materials that begin to melt as they rise to lower pressure and shallower depths

High pressure buildup

When does an eruption take place

Viscosity

A liquid’s resistance to flow

Composite volcano

Found on destructive plate margins and has a distinct conical shape

Shield Volcano

Found at constructive plate margins or at hotspots and has gentle sloping slides

Lava Flow

It is a mass of magma that flows down the slope (at a rate of 3km per day or 45km per hour) of a volcano

Volcanic Gases

Gases emitted by a volcano that include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen halides

Pyroclastic Flow

Hot, dry masses of volcanic fragmented materials that move along a slope. It is faster than lava flow. Ashy and grey at day, and glowing hot red at night

Tephra Falls

Showers of fine to coarse-grained volcanic materials and other airborne products of a volcanic eruption. Can reach several 100 kilometers away as it is carried by the wind

Ash

Less than 2mm

Lapilli

2-64mm

Blocks Projectiles

More than 65mm

Ballistic Projectile

it is a type of tephra fall wherein rocks are released into the air by an erupting volcano. It can land within 2km of the vent but can travel as far as 5km or further if the eruption is very explosive

Lahar

Flowing mixture of volcanic debris and water

Hot Lahar

Associated directly with volcanic eruption

Cold Lahar

Caused by heavy rainfall