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I love rain

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45 Terms

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Hydrometeorological Hazards

Processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic in nature that can cause loss of life, damage to properties, socio-economic disruption, and environmental damage

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Typhoons

Intense low-pressure system with a minimum sustained wind velocity of 35 kph

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Thunderstorms

Localized storm cloud that produces lightning and thunder often brings heavy rain showers and strong winds

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Storm Surges

Sudden rise of sea level above the normal level on the coast due to a drop in atmospheric pressure and the force of the wind as a tropical cyclone approaches the coast

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Flooding

Abnormal progressive rise in the water level of a stream; may result in the overflowing by the water of the normal confines of the stream

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El Nino Southern Oscillation

Climatic phenomenon characterized mainly by cyclic fluctuations of warm and cold sea surface temperatures and atmospheric pressure  in the central and eastern Pacific

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Tropical Cyclone

type of storm system that forms over warm ocean waters in tropical and subtropical regions

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Tropical Depression

Tropical cyclone at 61kph or less

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Tropical Storm

Tropical Cycone at 62-88kph

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Severe Tropical Storm

Tropical Cyclone at 89-117kph

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Typhoon

Tropical Cyclone at 118-220

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Super Typhoon

Tropical Cyclone at more than 220kph

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Philippine area of responsibility

Meaning of PAR

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Public storm warning signals

Meaning of PSWS

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Developing Stage

Towering cumulus cloud indicates rising air

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Mature Stage

Most likely time for hail, heavy rain, frequent lightning, strong winds, and tornadoes

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Dissipating Stage

Downdrafts, downward flowing air, dominate the storm

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Riverine

a flood that occurs when rivers overflow their banks and flow into surrounding areas

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El Nino

Warm water, weak trade winds, droughts

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La Nina

Cool water, strong trade winds, lots of rain

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9 Days

How long a typhoon may last

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Volcano

A rupture in the earth’s crust

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Magma

Molten rock found within Earth

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Lava

Molten rock released from Earth’s mantle

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Magma Chamber

Large underground pool of magma within the volcano

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Crater

The opening at the top of a volcano

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Main vent

Channel magma flows through to get to the surface

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50

how many volcanoes erupt per year

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Pacific ring of fire

Where 75% of volcanoes are

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Hotspot

Columns of rising mantle materials that begin to melt as they rise to lower pressure and shallower depths

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High pressure buildup

When does an eruption take place

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Viscosity

A liquid’s resistance to flow

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Composite volcano

Found on destructive plate margins and has a distinct conical shape

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Shield Volcano

Found at constructive plate margins or at hotspots and has gentle sloping slides

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Lava Flow

It is a mass of magma that flows down the slope (at a rate of 3km per day or 45km per hour) of a volcano

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Volcanic Gases

Gases emitted by a volcano that include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen halides

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Pyroclastic Flow

Hot, dry masses of volcanic fragmented materials that move along a slope. It is faster than lava flow. Ashy and grey at day, and glowing hot red at night

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Tephra Falls

Showers of fine to coarse-grained volcanic materials and other airborne products of a volcanic eruption. Can reach several 100 kilometers away as it is carried by the wind

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Ash

Less than 2mm

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Lapilli

2-64mm

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Blocks Projectiles

More than 65mm

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Ballistic Projectile

it is a type of tephra fall wherein rocks are released into the air by an erupting volcano. It can land within 2km of the vent but can travel as far as 5km or further if the eruption is very explosive

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Lahar

Flowing mixture of volcanic debris and water

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Hot Lahar

Associated directly with volcanic eruption

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Cold Lahar

Caused by heavy rainfall