ap psych - unit 2 - mods 22-25

alpha waves

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed awake state

addiction

compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (i.e. gambling) despite known adverse consequences

alcohol use disorder (alcoholism)

alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

amphetimines

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

barbituates

drugs that suppress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

consciousness

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

circadian rhythm

the biological clock; regular body rhythms (ex: temp and wakefulness) that occur in a 24 hour cycle

cocaine

powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

dissociation

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

delta waves

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

dream

a sequence of emotions, images and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities and incongruities and for the dreamers delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

depressants

drugs (like alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activities and slow body functions

ecstacy (MDMA)

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen, produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood cognition

hypnosis

a social interaction in which one person (subject) responds to another person's (hypnotists) suggestion that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, behaviors will spontaneously occur

hallucinogens

a psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs like LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external stimulants

insomnia

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

latent content

according to freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from it's manifest content)

LSD

a powerful hallucinogenic drug, aka: acid

manifest content

according to freud , the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from hidden or latent content)

methanphetamine

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speeded up body functions, associated energy, and mood changes; over time it appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

NREM sleep

non rapid eye movement sleep, encompasses all sleep stages except REM sleep

nicotine

a stimulating and highly addictive psychedelic drug in tobacco

narcolepsy

a sleep disorder, characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep often at inopportune times

night terrors

a sleep disorder, characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within 2-3 hours of falling asleep and are seldom remembered

near-death-experience

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (like cardiac arrest); often similar to drug induced hallucinations

opiates

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine, and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

post-hypnotic suggestion

a suggestion made, during hypnosis, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized, used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

psychoactive drug

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

REM sleep

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage in which vivid dreams commonly occur. AKA paradoxical sleep because muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

REM rebound

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (caused by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm. In response to light the SCN causes the penial gland to adjust melatonin production, thud modifying the feelings of sleepiness

stimulants

drugs like caffeine, nicotine, and powerful amphetamines (cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

sleep apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

substance use disorder

continued substance cravings and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

sleep

periodic, natural loss of consciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia or hibernation

tolerance

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take bigger and bigger doses before experiencing the drugs effect

THC

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

withdrawal

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

william james

early functionalist, asked why certain parts of our body did certain things.

ernest hilgard

known for his research on hypnosis, created the hypnosis theory centering the hidden observer

sigmund freud

"father of modern psychology/psychoanalysis". Did a lot of research with the unconscious, researched deep into psychosexual development and the 3 parts of the mind.