quiz 2

giorgio de chirico

• pioneered the metaphysical style (beyond physical reality)

• sharply delineated images, contradictory perspectives, unnatural colors, illogically cast shadows

• dreamlike effects

• anticipated magic realism

magic realism

a mode of representation in which commonplace objects and events are exaggerated/juxtaposed in unexpected ways that evoke a mood of mystery or fantasy

marc chagall

• russian-born artist

• liked folk tales and customs of his native land

• freely superimposed images upon one another or showed them floating in space

• autobiographical motifs (fiddle players and levitating lovers)

• did canvases, murals, and stained glass windows

dada movement

• group of european painters and poets who, perceiving WWI as evidence of a world gone mad, dedicated themselves to spreading the gospel of irrationality

nihilism

the denial of traditional and religious and moral principles

theater of cruelty

one form of dada theater known for its violent and scatological themes, anticipated the theater of the absurd plays

Marcel Duchamp

• french artist

• experienced with Cubism and Futurism

• abandoned professional painting and turned to making art objects

  • created the first mobile

mobile

a sculpture with moving parts

Fountain (Duchamp)

• placed a urinal on a pedestal, signed it with a fictitious name, and submitted it for an exhibition

  • mocked conventional techniques of making art

  • wrenched the object out o fits functional context

• a work of art stems from an artist’s idea

  • Fountain is art because he had removed the urinal from its everday context and gave it a new identity as art

modern artist as maverick

the self-appointed prophet and defiler of tradition

the bride stripped bare by her bachelors, even

Duchamp’s magnum opus, a large glass and wire assemblage

surrealism movement

• gave physical expression to the workings of the unconscious mind

• paid explicit homage to Freud and his writings

psychic automatism in its pure state (creative effort guided by thought functions free of rational control and exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern; emphasized the omipotence of the dream state)

breton defined surrealism as

The Seated Woman picasso

image of a split personality that seemed to symbolize Freud’s three-part psyche

Joan Miro

• spanish painter

• surrealist

• personal mythology

paul klee

• surrealist painter

• swiss

• artworks like hieroglyphic puzzles

picasso, miro, and klee favored

abstract and biomorphic images

magritte

• belgian artist

• combined realistically detailed objects in irrational or statling ways

• this is not a pipe painting

salvador dali

• drew motifs from his own erotic dreams and fantasies

• The Persistence of Memory (melting clocks)

Frida Kahlo

• Mexican female painter

• surrealist

• > 1/3 of works are self-portraits

• art focuses on the two great accidents of her life

  • bus crash which left her disabled

  • her stormy marriage to Diego Rivera

• principal subject matter is herself

• identified closely with Mexican folk art

• realistic but juxtaposed images

Georgia O’Keefe

• pioneer Modernist American painter

• drew greatly enlarged flowers and bleached animal bones

photomontage

consisted of “found” photographic images cut from books, magazines, and newspapers pasted on a flat surface

Hannah Hoch

• photomontages

• Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany collage

pataphysics

a philosophy of science invented by French writer lfred Jarry intended to be a parody of science. Difficult to be simply defined or pinned down, it has been described as the “science of imaginary solutions”

Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany

Hannah Hoch

collage

• collage

• between the two world wars

• kitchen knife = feminist image

• 4 parts:

  • dada propaganda

  • dada persuasion

  • anti dada

  • dada world