Study Guide Age of Absolutism Part Two

A philosophical movement in the 1700s characterized by the application of the scientific method to human affairs, religious tolerance, and inspiration for democratic revolutions.

Enlightenment

An Enlightenment philosopher who wrote 'Leviathan' and believed that government was necessary to impose order due to human greed and selfishness.

Thomas Hobbes

An Enlightenment philosopher who wrote 'Two Treatises on Government' and believed in natural rights and that government power should be limited by laws.

John Locke

Philosopher who wrote 'The Spirit of Laws' and advocated for the separation of powers within government and a system of checks and balances.

Montesquieu

Philosopher who wrote 'The Social Contract,' emphasizing that man is born free but corrupted by society.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

An Enlightenment writer known for his advocacy of freedom of speech and religion.

Voltaire

A feminist philosopher who wrote 'Vindication of the Rights of Women,' arguing for equal rights and education for women.

Mary Wollstonecraft

An event that inspired the French Revolution due to its demonstration of Enlightenment principles of freedom and rights.

American Revolution

An agreement between the government and the governed, where government protects people's rights in exchange for their following the laws.

Social Contract

The period during the French Revolution led by Maximilien Robespierre when a large number of people were executed.

Reign of Terror

The king of France during the French Revolution, who was eventually deposed and executed.

Louis XVI

A fortress in Paris stormed on July 14, 1789, marking the turning point of the French Revolution.

Bastille

Leader of the radical government during the French Revolution and known for overseeing the Reign of Terror.

Maximilien Robespierre

The device used for executing people during the Reign of Terror.

Guilotine

A form of government that the Third Estate aimed to establish following their departure from the Estates-General.

Constitutional Monarchy

Someone who advocates for equal rights between men and women.

Feminist

A system that ensures separate branches of government can limit each other's powers.

Checks and Balances

A famous painting by Eungene Delcroix that represents the Romantic artistic movement.

Liberty leading the People

A period of agricultural development that improved crop yields and reduced the need for labor, prompting urban migration.

Agricultural Revolution

A document authored by Thomas Jefferson incorporating Enlightenment ideas of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Declaration of Independence

Who was the most famous Baroque composer?  

Johaan Sebastian Bach

What is Mozart’s most famous work of classical music?

Mozart’s Requiem

      Who wrote “Don Quixote”?

Miguel de Cervantes