CH11 Cancer + Tobacco + Vaping

what percentage of cancers are inherited?

7.5%

what percentage of cancers in the US might be preventable?

42%

about how many cancer survivors are there in the US?

about 15 million

how many americans will have cancer at some point?

39%

how many types of cancer are there?

100+

which type of cancer is the most common

skin cancer

aside from skin cancer, what cancer is the most common?

breast cancer in females, prostate cancer in males

about how many new cancer diagnosis are there per year?

about 3.5 million

what is cancer?

a collection of related diseases in which the bodys cells being dividing without stopping and spread into the surrounding tissues

where can cancer develop?

basically anywhere that has cell division

tumors

growths forming from the extra cells cancer creates that divide without stopping

malignant tumors

cancerous tumors, can spread/invade into nearby tissues, sometimes cells from these can break out and travel through the blood + lymph system and spread in different areas of the body

benign tumors

tumors whose cells do not invade nearby tissues, can become really large, once removed the usually do not grow back, can only be deadly in the brain

how does cancer come about?

1. genetics- cancer is caused by changes in the genes that control the way our cells function, grow, and divide

   1. genetic changes can cause cancer to be inherited

2. environmental exposures- can cause damage to the DNA like from smoking, ultraviolet rays, and radiation exposure

breast cancer

malignant growth that begins in the tissues of the breasts, very rare in men but about 1 in 8 women will have it in their lifetime

self exams, mammography, and a breast mri are very effective in reducing mortality rate from breast cancer

cervical cancer

cancer forming in the cells that line the cervix, almost always caused by HPV, almost always curable if caught early

HPV testing and pap tests can reveal cervical cells that may become cancerous

colerectal cancer

cancer that starts in the colon or rectum, usually beings in cells that create mucus/fluids, typically start as a polyp, third most common cancer across both sexes

colonoscopy can catch it

polyp

abnormal colon growth that may form on the inner wall of the colon/rectum

lung cancer

usually nonsmall cell or small cell lung cancer, almost always caused by smoking, leading COD by cancer

prostate cancer

often has no symptoms in the early stages, advanced stages can cause frequent or weakened streams in urination, usually very slow growing and non fatal

testicular cancer

most common sign is lumping or swelling in the testicle but can usually be cured, even at advanced stages, but treatment can decrease fertility

skin cancer

most common cancer across both sexes, begins in the epidermis/most outer layer of skin, lemonoma is very aggressive

leukemia

cancer in the blood cells, usually forms in the bone marrow

what puts people at risk for cancer?

1. age- 50% of all cancer diagnosis’ are 66+ y/o

2. sex- males are more likely to get cancer, synthetic horomone replacement

3. exposures- smoking, ultraviolet rays, and radiation

4. family history of cancer

5. obesity increases risk

6. drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco increases risk

what are some common cancer treatments?

1. precision medicine- doctors prescribe a customized therapy

2. surgery- physical removal of the tumor and affected tissue'

3. chemotherapy- meds through an iv to kill off cancer cells

4. immunotherapy- activates your own immune system to help it recognize and kill the cancer cells (only effective in some cancers)

types of tobacco

cigarettes, cigars, pipes, ecigs, herbal cigs, smokeless tobacco

what is in a vape?

1. nicotine

2. propylene glycerol

3. acrolein

4. benzene

5. formaldehyde + acetaldehyde

6. lead + cadmium

nicotine

highly addictive substance which negatively affects brain growth

propylene glycerol

used in paint thinners and smoke machines

acrolein

chemical used to kill garden weeds

diethylene glycerol

antifreeze chemical linked to lung disease

benzene

chemical found in car exhaust

formaldehyde + acetaldehyde

carcinogens used in glue, permanent markers, and washing powders

what are the short term effects of smoking?

aging skin, increased heart rate, irritated lungs, damage to pregnancy

what happens in 20min after you stop smoking?

heart rate and blood pressure return to healthier level

what happens 12 hrs after you stop smoking?

carbon monoxide levels come back to safe level

what happens in 1→9 months without smoking?

coughing and breathing problems go away as the lungs repair

what happens 1 year without somking?

taste and smell return to normal

what happens 2→5 years without smoking?

increased risk of stroke disappears

what happens 10 years without smoking?

increased risk of cancer disappears

what population has the highest death from cancer?

african american men

what cancers does tobacco use cause?

cancer of the lung, larynx, mouth, esophagus, throat, pancreas, and acute myeloid leukemia