Unit 1: Theory question by Mr Rudall

Common Fisheries Policy

Set quotas to states in the EU on where, what and how much they could fish.

Schengen Agreement

a treaty which led to the creation of Europe's Schengen Area, in which internal border checks have largely been abolished.

Cairns group

Group of major agricultural exporting nations, led by Argentina, Australia, and Canada, that lobbies for reductions in agricultural subsidies

Example of a strategic alliance

US-Israel

Strategic alliances

voluntary arrangements between states that may be mutually beneficial

World Social Forum

Group of antiglobalists that meet yearly to protest the actions of core countries.

World Economic Forum

a nonprofit foundation committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas

Informal forums

Groups formed not by treaties to discuss shared issues E.g the G20

Example political parties

Democrats, CCP, Conservatives, Likud, CDU

Example of a resistance movement

FARC

resistance movements

seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure

Example of a social movement

Green movement- Green party, Greenpeace and Soil Association

Liberals view IGOs as

important in preserving global order and fostering interdependence

Gramsci

people consent to own domination by accepting ruling class hegemonies

Max Weber

Defined legitimacy as rational-legal, charisma and tradition

IGO

Intergovernmental Organization

MNC

multinational corporation

Nye

Liberal

Mearshimer

Structural Realism

smart power

using a combination of coercion (hard power) with persuasion and attraction (soft power)

Sharp power

deceptive use of information for hostile purposes

collective security

A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all

Democratic Peace Theory

the theory that democracies are not likely to fight one another

Hegemony

domination over others

structural power

States promote a model of global politics they favour e.g. democracy

Soft power

power attained through the use of cultural attractiveness rather than the threat of coercive action.

Hard power

a coercive approach to international political relations, especially one that involves the use of military power or economic coercion.

Weber said sovereignty is...

Having the monopoly on violence

Morgenthau

Classical Realism

Liberalism

Emphasis on international relations in a rules based order with an emphasis on individual rights

classical realism

Human nature is to seek power.

Structural realism

States seek power in an anarchic world

NGO

non-governmental organization

External Sovereignty

recognition by the international community of states

Internal Sovereignty

state possesses final authority over all other actors within territory

Realists view IGOs as

Tools to be manipulated by states

Multipolar

Power is distributed between many states

unipolar

One state has hegemonic power

bipolar

Two powers dominate international relations

multilateral

Acting alongside many other actors

bilateral

acting in conjunction with another actor

unilateral

acting alone

Power diffusion

shift or movement of power, usually from one power to many

Cultural Power

The ability to influence cultural values, habits, and institutions such as the family.

cyber power

Using technology to change a states behaviour

Relational power

A state uses it's relationship with another state in order to manipulate it into making a change

Luke's three dimensions of power

First Dimension
Power in forcing others to act against their own will
Second Dimension
Subordinates comply though they disagree
Third Dimension:
Subordinates comply and do not disagree; they believe their compliance is their own will

BRICS

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

Montevideo Convention

created and defined the terms for statehood

Example of an NGO breaching the sovereignty of a state

MSF in West Africa

Example of a state breaching the sovereignty of another state

Russia in Crimea

Responsibility to Protect

Unanimously adopted in a resolution by the UN General Assembly in 2005, this principle holds that the international community must help protect populations from war crimes, ethnic cleansing, genocide, and crimes against humanity.

State where R2P has been invoked

Libya

Social Contract Theory

A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed

Tragedy of the Commons

a parable that illustrates why common resources are used more than is desirable from the standpoint of society as a whole

democracy

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Fragile State

A state that has not yet failed but whose leaders lack the will or capacity to perform core state functions.

failed state

A state so weak that its political structures collapse, leading to anarchy and violence

Unitary State

A state that places most power in the hands of central government officials

Authoritarian state

A government where elections are not free and fair and civil rights and liberties are lacking

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

interdependence

Mutual dependence between states

Examples of collective security

NATO

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

Examples of IGOS

United Nations, European Union, NATO, IMF

IMF (International Monetary Fund)

part of the UN makes loans to countries to finance development

UN

United Nations

OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Trade union

Association of trade workers formed to gain higher wages and better working conditions

John locke believed

People are rational and moral

Thomas Hobbes believe

that humans were inherently selfish and needed guidance to work effectively together

Example of a failed state

Somalia

Example of the power of a trade union

General strike in India

social movement

A movement that represents the demands of a large segment of the public for political, economic, or social change.

sources of legitimacy

Democracy, rule of law, constitutions, international law, balance of power

P5

Permanent members of the UN security council, have a veto - UK, USA, Russia, China, France

Interpol

The International Criminal Police Organization investigates transnational criminal activities and security threats.

World Bank

a United Nations agency created to assist developing nations by loans guaranteed by member governments

examples of economic cooperation

Cairns group, EU, NAFTA

Liberal view of state sovereignty

Not an exclusive principle, states can be punished if they breach international conventions

Realists view of state sovereignty

It is an absolute principle, states as the most significant actors should respect each others borders

Example of an IGO failing to curb a state's power

UN in the South China Sea

Example of a MNC breaching the sovereignty of a state

Apple withholding data / Royal dutch shell in the Niger delta

Terms of Montevideo convention on sovereignty

a. A permanent population;
b. A defined territory;
c. Government;
d. Capacity to enter into relations with the other states.

Treaty of Westphalia

1648 treaty established: States are sovereign, States are equal actors, States should not violate other states

rising power

Idea of 'new' states beginning to dominate international relations, BRICS

Black lives matter, occupy, #metoo are

Social movements

Political parties

organization that tries to influence gov. policy by promoting its ideas and backing candidates for office

G7

Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States

Why was Russia kicked out of G8

Ukraine

Global Governance

structures and processes that enable actors to coordinate interdependent needs and interests in the absence of a unifying political authority

Example of global governance

Paris climate agreement

Montreal Protocol

phase out of ozone depleting substances.

Basel Accord

an international agreement about bank capital requirements

harmonisation

establishing common standards, rules and levels on everything from safety standards to tariffs, taxes and currencies

extraordinary rendition

The practice of sending suspected terrorists to foreign prisons that permit torture in the interrogation of suspects

Mercosur

The largest latin american trade agreement; includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay

Common Agricultural Policy

A European Union policy based on the principle that a subsidy extended to farmers in any member country should be extended to farmers in all member countries

USMCA

Replacement of NAFTA

Terrorist

a radical who employs terror as a political weapon