Between wars quiz study guide

Who was the Czar during World War I? Who was given power when he left for the war? Why? What happened to him?

Nicholas II. Rasputin. Nicholas’s wife trusted him because her son had a blood disease and said she would give Rasputin power if he healed her son, which he supposedly did. He was assassinated by nobles. 

When was the February Revolution? Who led Russia following this revolution?

March of 1917. Alexander Kerensky

What person and group came to power due to the October Revolution?

The communists, Lenin.

What did this person call his section of the Communist party? Why did he give them this name?

The Bolsheviks. It comes from the word for “the majority”

what 3 things did the Russian people hope to gain from revolution?

redistribution of land to peasants, factories and industries transferred from capitalists to committees of workers, and to transfer government power from the provisional government to the soviets

who was the leader of the Red Army? What group did he defeat in the Civil War?

Leon Trotsky. The whites, anti-communists

What is isolationism? Why did many Americans support this idea?

Where a country avoids political or military involvement with other nations. Because Americans blamed Europe for unemployment and economic slowdowns

What was the Red Scare? What happened to Sacco and Vanzetti?

Thousands of suspected communists were fired, deported and arrested. They were executed

what was the Weimar Republic? Why was it unpopular?

A new democratic government made from a German constitution. Because it was blamed for hyperinflation

who became a German "hero" by trying to overthrow the government? Why did this make him popular?

Adolf Hitler. He was supported by people who hated the government.

how does the book say the stock market led to the Depression?

American investors pulled money from germany for stocks, stock market crashed

what are some numbers that show how bad the Depression was?

In 1932 industrial production fell 50% from 1929, in 1933 12 million people were unemployed

what was "margin", and how did it lead to the Depression?

People bought stocks by borrowing money, only paying about 10% upfront. This led to inflated prices, and when loans came due and many had to sell at once, the market crashed, leading to the great depression.

describe the various other causes of the crash

The rich had most of the money and stopped spending, the U.S. made risky loans to countries that couldn't pay them back, and companies lied about their value. People also bought overpriced stocks with borrowed money, so when prices fell and loans were due, everyone sold at once, crashing the market.

what were "flappers"?

Women who rejected traditional roles for women, wearing short skirts and getting short haircuts

what was the temperance movement?

the movement that promoted abstinence from alcohol

what was the first "talkie" movie?

the jazz singer

what car was inexpensive enough for the common man to afford? Who built it? What was an unintended side effect (that we discussed) of the automobile becoming common?

Henry Ford’s Model T. More people moved to suburbs, leading to more roads being built, changing city layouts

what style of art is Dali associated with? What was the idea behind this type of art? Who was Magritte?

Surrealism. To show the world of dreams and unconsciousness. A surrealist artist, treachery of images

what is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?

The idea that the paths and speeds of electrons traveling around the nucleus are unpredictable.

what is Schrodinger’s Cat? Delayed Choice? Superposition?

If superposition is true: if a cat is in a box with a tool that has a 50% chance of killing it, the cat is alive and dead until the box is open. Subatomic particles are everywhere mathematically possible until observed. If rest is true, what we do can impact the past; opening the box now affects what happened to the cat.

How does Rothman claim American attitudes about poverty helped them avoid political extremism?

Most civilians kept traditional/ancient attitudes towards the situation.

what was the New Deal and who started it?

It instituted new and important and widely supported relief programs. FDR

what was totalitarianism?

When the government tries to control every aspect of their citizens’ lives.

Who was Benito Mussolini? What group did he lead?

The first fascist leader in Europe. vigilantes (the Black Shirts).

what was Fascism?

When a  government glorifies the state over individuals, claiming there is a need for a strong central government led by a dictator, it tends to be in favor of military expansion.

describe the Spanish Civil War.

Italy and Germany helped fascists, republicans helped the USSR. Both sides committed atrocities. Fascists murdered around 170,000, republicans murdered 40,000. Fascists won and Francisco Franco became Spain's new dictator.

what was Picasso’s famous painting about the Spanish Civil War?

Guernica

what was the Reichstag? How did Hitler use the fire there to his advantage?

The German parliament building that was burned down. Hitler claimed communists set the fire to outlaw communism and name himself dictator.

how did Hitler gain power, and what were his goals?

He claimed he would give back his dictatorial powers once the communists were no longer a threat. His goals were to fix the german economy and overturn the treaty of versaille

what was the Third Reich?

Hitler’s empire

what were concentration camps originally used for?

Slave labor camps where Jews, Gypsies, Communists, homosexuals, and disabled people were sent to work.

what was Kristallnacht? What were the Nuremberg laws?

The night of broken glass. The laws that robbed Jews of citizenship and prohibited them from marrying Aryans or have government jobs

where did the Japanese invade in 1931?

Manchuria in China

who came to power after Lenin?

stalin

what was collectivization? What were the results?

A policy where people were forced to abandon their land and work on state-owned farms. It stopped because too many peasants were killing the livestock, the number of livestock between 1929 and 1934 dropped by 50%.

what was a kulak?

A rich farmer

what was a gulag? Who was sent there?

A forced labor camp. All Kulaks

what was the Great Purge?

All potential opponents in the communist party and the Red army were killed.

what was life like for children in the USSR?

They were taught that the state was the most important thing. They were called pioneers and encouraged to turn in anyone breaking the law, even their family members.

who did Stalin have assassinated in Mexico in 1940?

trotsky

what was dekulakization?

Killing or deporting undesirable (allegedly rich) peasants

what did Stalin claim about economic production in the USSR?

That the USSR had to quickly increase economic production to catch up with western countries and avoid being defeated.

what two regions were most affected by famine? What was the Holodomor?

Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The man-made famine in Ukraine 

what happened in “the” Ukraine? How was it different than Lenin's famine?

A famine that wasn't allowed to be covered by the press. Lenin’s famine was caused by war and drought, while Stalin’s famine was man-made and worsened by policies in the Soviet Union.

what happened to Stalin's wife? Why?

She killed herself after telling her husband about the famine and he repeatedly refused to help

What were some of the major impacts the Depression had on Africa?

economic hardship, unemployment, weakened colonial control

how did the Depression relate to decolonization?

colonial powers weakened, encouraging independence movements