Energy and matter Vocabulary.docx
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23 Terms
Random motion
Movement in all directions and at different speeds.
Diffusion
The movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Kinetic energy
Energy due to motion.
Thermodynamics
The study of heat.
Thermal expansion
An increase in a material’s volume when the temperature is increased.
Thermal contraction
A decrease in a material’s volume when the temperature is decreased.
Temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material.
Condensation
The process by which a gas changes to a liquid.
Vaporization
The change in state from a liquid to a gas.
Potential energy
Stored energy due to the interactions between objects or particles.
Thermal energy
The result of the motion of all the particles, and the distance and attractions between those particles in the system.
Closed system
A system that does not exchange matter or energy with the environment.
Open system
A system that exchanges matter or energy with the environment.
Source object
The object that provides energy for energy transfer.
Receiver object
The object that gains energy from the energy transfer.
Heat
The transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. Heat can also refer to the amount of energy transferred during this process.
Conduction
The transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles of matter.
Thermal equilibrium
When the temperatures of materials that are in contact are the same.
Radiation
The transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves.
Convection
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another.
Specific heat
The amount of thermal energy it takes to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1ºC.
Thermal conductor
A material through which thermal energy flows easily.
Thermal insulator
A material through which thermal energy does not flow easily.
