Lecture 3 - Dermatology

Primary

Which type of skin lesion (primary or secondary) occurs spontaneously and can include papules, pustules, and vesicles?

Secondary

Which type of skin lesion (primary or secondary) occurs after a primary lesion or due to exogenous or self-inflicted causes, and can include epidermal collarettes, crusts, alopecia, and hyper/hypopigmentation?

Erythema

What is the term which means red skin?

Papule, Pustule, Crust, Collarette

List the collarette, pustule, crust, and papule in the order in which they form.

Macule

Is a macule or a patch less than 1 cm?

Diascopy

What is the term for the technique used to identify petechia vs skin inflammation making the skin red? A microscope slide is used to blanch the skin, and if it becomes pale it is skin inflammation.

Papule

Is a papule or plaque less than 1 cm?

Hypersensitivity

A wheal, or hives, is always caused by what type of reaction in the skin?

Vitiligo

What condition is a genetic cause of hypopigmentation?

Chronic

Hyperpigmentation and lichenification are both results of what type of inflammation, chronic or acute?

Bacterial

A pustule usually results from what type of skin infection, bacterial or fungal?

Vesicle

Is a vesicle or a bulla less than 1 cm?

Erosions

Which lesions affecting the integrity of the skin only pass through the epidermis?

Ulcer

Which lesions affecting the integrity of the skin pass through the basement membrane of the epidermis?

Excoriation

What is the term for a skin lesion that is self-inflicted, such as wounds at a cats ears from scratching?

Comedomes

What is another term for blackheads, which can be a sign of cushings disease?

Alopecia, Comedomes, Hyperpigmentation

Which three skin lesions are common signs of Cushing’s disease?

Zinc

Crusts can often occur due to what-responsive dermatosis?

Type, Pattern, Severity, Area

What four components are listed when describing a skin lesion?

Superficial

What type of skin lesion is tested using superficial skin scrapes, tape tests, coat brushing, flea combs, and hair plucks?

Deep

Which type of skin lesion is tested using deep skin scrapes, tape squeeze tests, hair plucks, and cotton swabs with oil?

Trichography

What is another term which means a hair pluck test for parasites?

Impression smear

What sampling method is used for moist/greasy lesions, crusts (after lifting crust), exudates, and pustules? It uses a microscope slide pressed against the skin.

Cotton swab

What sampling method is used for draining tracts, ears, and crusts (after moistening)?

Tape test

What sampling method is used for dry lesions, and to test for microbes/parasites on the skin surface?

Dermatophytes

What is another term for the fungi which cause ringworm? They include T. mentagrophytes, M. canis, and M. gypseum. They are tested with a fungal culture, DTM, and Sabouraud’s agar and can be visualized on direct exam, biopsy, and with a Wood’s lamp or with PCR.

M. canis

Which species of dermatophyte is the only one which can be visualized with a Wood’s lamp?

Bulb

Which part of a hair is used to determine the phase of hair growth?

Shaft

Which part of a hair is used to evaluate pigmentation/integrity, and to assess for infectious agents like dermatophytes and parasites?

Tip

Which part of a hair is used to test whether it is primary or secondary alopecia?

Primary

Which type of alopecia is present when the hair tip is intact and is due to hair falling out?

Secondary

Which type of alopecia is when the hair tip is broken and is due to hair loss due to trauma?

FNA

What test is done first on a skin lump, followed by punch and excisional biopsy?

Food

What type of allergy is tested with a diet trial to a hydrolyzed novel protein, which takes at least 8 weeks? The original protein is then reintroduced to determine if the allergy returns.

Hydrolyzed

What type of novel protein is introduced in a diet trial, ideally because it prevents the original protein structures from being recognized by the body?

Flea

What type of allergy is tested with a therapeutic trial, intradermal skin tests, or serology?

Contact

What type of allergy is tested with a provocation trial, patch test, or environmental restrictions?

Atopy

What type of allergy is a diagnosis of exclusion, and uses intradermal skin tests and serology? These tests are only done if you are planning to use immunotherapy to manage the allergy.