Rotavirus, Rabies, and Vaccine Success

Reoviridae

rotovirus

rabdoviridae

rabies virus

non-enveloped, triple icosahedral capsid

what is the structure of reoviridae

dsRNA, segmented

what genetic materail is reoviridae genome

REO

respiratory enteric orphan

orthoreoviruses, rotaviruses, orbiviruses, coltiviruses

viruses of reoviridae

rotavirus

A major (if not #1) cause of infant death in undeveloped countries (now uncommon in USA!)

infantile diarrhea

what does rotavirus cause in infants?

extremely resistant capsid

rotavirus is an

groups A B C

what groups of rotavirus affect humans?

VP7 and VP4

used to define subgroups of rotavirus

gastroenteritis and travelers disease

what does rotavirus cause in adults?

in the capsid

where does the genome remain within rotavirus?

the double capsid must be partially degraded

what must happen for rotavirus to be infectious?

Infectious sub-viral particle (ISVP) or core

describe core of rotavirus?

enzymes

rotavirus have all ________ necessary for transcription of mRNA and replication of genomic dsRNA

cytoplasm

where is the virus core for rotavirus

ribosomes

viruses do not have what?

fomite or in water

rotavirus survives as:

fecal oral route

how does rotavirus spread?

feces

large amount of rotavirus released in ________

rotavirus

asymptomatic carries shed _______

fall, winter spring in us

when is rotavirus most common?

columnar epithelial cells of small intestine

what cells does rotavirus infect?

water absorption

what does rotavirus block?

watery diarrhea

what else does rotavirus cause?

gastroenteritis

rotavirus can also cause

blood

stool from rotavirus does not contain ______

in stool via latex agglutination, ELISA and RT-PCR (most sensitive)

how to detect rotavirus?

electrolyte replacement solution (ORS)

how to treat rotavirus?

rotarix, rotateq, and rotashield

vaccines for rotavirus include:

oral live vaccines

rotarix and rotateq are both:

rotarix

attenuated human strain

rotateq

bovine rotavirus

acute infection of the CNS

what type of infection is the rabies virus?

bite of a rabid animal

how is rabies transmitted?

enveloped, bullet helical nucleocapsid

what is the shape of rabies virus

negative ssRNA

what is the genetic materail genome for rabies

hydrophobia and encephalitis

clinical pathologies of rabies

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

what do the virions of rabies virus carry

serotype

rabies virus has a single ________

dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord

what does rabies virus affect?

brain

rabies virus infects:

retrograde axoplasmic

rabies virus travels to dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord by what kind of transport?

afferent neuron

what does rabies tend to attack

Encephalitis and neuronal degeneration

rabies pathology?

raccoons (bats also affected)

what are the most commonly reported rabid animal?

typically 1-3 months

what is the incubation period in humans for rabies virus?

short prodromal, acute neurologic, coma

what are the three phases for clinical spectrum for rabies

no

is there a test to diagnose rabies infections in humans before the onset of clinical symptoms?

direct fluorescent antibody testing of brain tissue

Rabies can be diagnosed from euthanized animals by:

Negri bodies in the brain or the spinal cord

Definitive pathologic diagnosis of rabies

negri bodies

Sharply demarcated spherical structures that have a distinctive internal structure with basophilic granules in an eosinophilic matrix

treatment prevention and control of rabies

PEP, washing with soap, passive antibody infection, immunization

no

is there any indication that fetal abnormalities have been associated with rabies vaccination?

pregnancy

_______ is not considered a contraindication to postexposure prophylaxis

rotavirus

This virus is the most important cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children. It causes infections that are often severe and may be life threatening, especially in infants

neutralizing live virus

what type of vaccine is the Moderna mRNA vaccine?

yes

Does neutralizing sera provide protection?

HA or NA

RSV does not have:

attachment

very important step of viral replication:

convalescent sera

neutralizing live virus vaccine more efficient than

high levels of antibodies

one shot after covid infection confers