Great Depression unit 1

Buying on the Margin

Rugged Individualism

Belief of fix it yourself, welfare and relief programs would weaken the country

Okies

term for people leaving the dust bowl region, called with because many were form oklahoma

Hobos

people without a home who migrate from place to place looking for work

Dorothea Lange

American documentary photographer and journalist best known for taking photographs for Farm security administration and taking the “migrant mother” photo

Alphabet Soup

term used to describe the programs/associations/remedies

Works Progress Administration

created to provide jobs for unemployed people. The projects weren’t allowed to compete with private industry, so they focused on building things like pos offices, bridges, schools, highways and parks

Tennessee Valley Authority

Built dams to provide cheaps, public electricity, to areas that didn’t have it. Control flooding and provide irrigation for farmers.

Civilian Conservation Corps

Government put men to work, with soil erosion, flood control, and plant trees.

Social Security Act

Intended to help the elderly and disabled, set up current social security program, we still use today in which if your work and pay into it, you will get a portion of an income when you retire.

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

Law that paid farmers to grow less by farming fewer acres. increase farm prices, it also promoted soil conservation. Paid for by tax companies that processed ag products.

FDIC Bank Deposits

insured bank deposits and virtually ended bank failures in the US

Fireside Chats

radio broadcasts in which FDR explained things to the American people, made people feel safe

Bank Holiday

Roosevelt closed all banks to let them rebuild and it helped people put money into the banks

a car in every garage, a chicken in every pot

Herbert Hoover’s campaign slogan

Black Tuesday

October 29th 1929, the stock market plummeted and kept going down until 1932

Bull Market

When the stock Market is good

Bank Runs

People begin taking their money out of banks to pay off loans and banks were left with little to no money

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

The act raised US tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods, foreign companies retaliated and put tariffs on American goods.

Crop prices, Economy slows, Spending decrease, Stock crash

Causes of great depression

Great Depression

Began in 1929 and ended in 1939, stock market crashed and millions of investors wiped out, consumer spending dropped, and homelessness increased in towns and cities

Herbert Hoover Philosophy

“The economy would fix itself and government didn’t need to do anything.”

1933

worst year in the Great Depression, 11,000-25,000 banks had failed, over 90,000 businesses failed, and unemployment was close to 25%

Soup kitchens

first opened in 1929 and expanded as the great depression worsened, most serving bread and soup

hoovervilles

homeless encampments, and shanty towns grew in large cities

hoover blankets

homeless people used newspaper

hoover flags

people walked around with their pockets pulled inside out of their pants

Dust bowl

droughts on the prairies during the 1930s that led to massive erosion of prairie soil

Black blizzards

winds that carried dust clouds hundreds sometimes even thousands of miles. sometimes storms made it all the way to the east coast

Migrant Mother

famous photo taken by Dorothea Lange

John Steinbeck

famous author who wrote “Of mice and Men” and “The Grapes of Wrath”

Woody Guthrie

Famous folk singer whose album “Dust Bowl Ballads” was released in 1940 and based on his experience as a migrant in the 1930s

Bonus Army

1932 thousands of WW1 Veterans assembled in front of the white House, wanting a bonus for fighting, troops sent in to put an end to the ralley, ended up using tear gas and 2 veterans killed

Hoover dam

built between 1931 - 1936, put thousands of men to work but also killed over 100, created electricity

banking crisis

1st problem Roosevelt fixes

first 100 days

period of time between march 8th and June 16th 1933 in which Congress followed roosevelt’s led by passing an incredible amount of legislation which became known as new deal

21st amendment

ended prohibition

WW2

what ended great depression

home owners loan corp

allowed owners to refinance their mortgages to avoid foreclosure provided loans at lower interest and a longer period