Civil right movement history test
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49 Terms
What was the goal of the Little Rock Movement?
To desegregate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Who were key figures in the Little Rock Movement?
Governor Orval Faubus, President Dwight Eisenhower, Elizabeth Eckford, Minnijean Brown, Daisy Bates, and Ernest Green.
What methods of protest were used in Little Rock?
Action and opposition, students escorted by federal troops, economic boycott.
Where did the Sit-In Movement begin?
Nashville, TN, and Greensboro, NC.
What was the goal of the Sit-In Movement?
To desegregate lunch counters and public places.
Who were key figures in the Sit-In Movement?
John Lewis, Diane Nash, Ben West, Angela Butler.
What methods of protest were used in the Sit-In Movement?
Sit-ins, marches, filling the jails.
What was the goal of the Albany Movement?
To desegregate transportation and the entire city of Albany, Georgia.
Who were key figures in the Albany Movement?
SNCC, SCLC, NAACP, CORE, Sherrod, Anderson, MLK, Chief Pritchett.
What was the outcome of the Albany Movement?
Considered a failure due to lack of focus, but inspired future civil rights actions.
What was the goal of the Birmingham Movement?
To desegregate Birmingham and bring national attention to segregation in the South.
Who were key figures in the Birmingham Movement?
George Wallace, Bull Connor, MLK, JFK.
What was the outcome of the Birmingham Movement?
Forced integration of the city, riots after bombings, increased national awareness of civil rights issues.
What was the goal of Freedom Summer?
To register African Americans to vote in Mississippi.
Who were key figures in Freedom Summer?
Medgar Evers, Goodman, Chaney, Schwerner, LBJ, Malcolm X, JFK.
What was the outcome of Freedom Summer?
Increased national attention to voter suppression, led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
What was the goal of the Selma Movement?
To secure voting rights for African Americans.
Who were key figures in the Selma Movement?
Jimmy Lee Jackson, MLK, LBJ, SNCC, SCLC.
What was the main protest method used in Selma?
March from Selma to Montgomery.
What was the outcome of the Selma Movement?
Led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Why was Emmett Till significant to the Civil Rights Movement?
His brutal murder in 1955 and his mother’s decision to show his body sparked national outrage and mobilized the movement.
Who were responsible for Emmett Till’s murder?
Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam.
Who initiated the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Rosa Parks, with support from MLK and the NAACP.
What was the goal of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
To desegregate public transportation.
What was the outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The Supreme Court ruled segregation on buses unconstitutional.
Montgomery Bus Boycott Dates
December 1955 - December 1956
Emmett Till Case Dates
August 1955
Selma Movement Dates
January - March 1965
Freedom Summer Dates
June - August 1964
Birmingham Movement Dates
April - May 1963
Albany Movement Dates
Fall 1961 - 1962
Sit-Ins Dates
Started in 1960
Little Rock Movement Dates
1957
What caused the Little Rock Crisis?
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruled school segregation unconstitutional, leading to resistance in Southern states.
What was the effect of the Little Rock Crisis?
President Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce integration, setting a precedent for federal intervention in civil rights.
What caused the Sit-In Movement?
Segregated lunch counters in the South and the success of previous nonviolent protests.
What was the effect of the Sit-In Movement?
Many lunch counters and businesses desegregated; inspired more youth-led activism.
What caused the Albany Movement?
Segregation in public transportation and public facilities in Albany, Georgia.
What was the effect of the Albany Movement?
It failed to achieve major victories but taught activists the importance of focused goals in protests.
What caused the Birmingham protests?
Birmingham was one of the most segregated cities in the U.S., with violent resistance to civil rights efforts.
What was the effect of the Birmingham Movement?
National outrage over police violence (fire hoses, dogs on children); led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
What caused Freedom Summer?
Black voter suppression in Mississippi and across the South.
What was the effect of Freedom Summer?
National attention to voter suppression; helped lead to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
What caused the Selma March?
African Americans were being denied voting rights through literacy tests, poll taxes, and intimidation.
What was the effect of the Selma March?
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed, banning racial discrimination in voting.
What caused Emmett Till’s murder?
He was accused of whistling at a white woman in Mississippi.
What was the effect of Emmett Till’s murder?
Sparked national outrage and increased support for the Civil Rights Movement.
What caused the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Rosa Parks’ arrest for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus.
What was the effect of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Supreme Court ruled segregation on public buses unconstitutional; MLK rose as a civil rights leader.