NATURAL LAW , ETHICS MIDTERM

FREE WILL

As rational beings, we have ____________Through capacity of reason, human beings are able to judge between possibilities and to choose to direct our actions in one way or the othe

RATIONAL

As __________ beings, we have FREE WILL. Through capacity of reason, human beings are able to judge between possibilities and to choose to direct our actions in one way or the othe

ESSENCE

Our actions are directed towards attaining ends or goods that we desire

ESSENCE

just because we think that a certain end is good and it is therefore desirable does not necessarily mean it is indeed good.

REASON

That is why it is important for _________to always be part of the process

ESSENCE

Acts are rightly directed toward their ends by reason. It is necessary to think carefully of what really is in fact good for us

COMMON GOOD

Aquinas reminds us that we cannot simply act in pursuit of our own ends of goods without considering other people’s ends or goods since we are not isolated beings and do belong to a community. We have to consider what is good for the community as well as our own good or the so called _______________

LAW

Since we must consider not only our own goods but also the ends or goods of the others, there would have to be some kind of measure to our own acts. We must recognize the proper measures or the limits in our actions that would lead to the ends or goods of ourselves and at the same time the others. This determination of the proper measures of our acts can be referred to ____________.

NATURAL LAW

Example of law as limits or measures is the traffic rules. A motorist cannot just drive in any way he likes but must respect traffic rules. These rules which impose limits to a motorist is something that is good both for him and for the others as it helps to prevents motor accident.

LAW , COMMON GOOD

Therefore, a ___is concerned with the _______________. Making of law belongs to a public person or group of people who care for the common good or the concern for the good of the community or of the whole people.

PROMULGATION

It is necessary for rules or laws to be communicated to the people involved in order to enforce them and to better ensure compliance. This communication refers to ____________________

ETERNAL LAW

Aquinas writes “ He (God) governs all the acts and movements that are to be found in each single creature, so the type of Divine wisdom, as moving all things to their due end, bears the character of law.” This involves the assertion that Divine wisdom direct each being towards its proper end can be called ______________

ETERNAL LAW

_________ refers to what God wills for creation, how each participant in it is intended to return to Him. Human beings as rational, unlike animals and plants, participates more fully and perfectly given the capacity for reason.

NATURAL LAW

Aquinas writes “Wherefore it has a share of Eternal Reason, whereby it has a natural inclination to its proper act and end: and this participation of the eternal law in the rational creature is called the __________

Aquinas

This refers to all instances wherein human beings construct and enforce laws in their communities. According tO ________, one who have a basis for assessing the validity or invalidity of human law is whether or not in conforms to natural law.

NATURAL LAW

___________ is general while human law is specific and more concrete to actual operation of human acts

DIVINE LAW

Instructions that can direct us to supernatural end. Supernatural end refers to more complete happiness that surpasses human nature and can be obtained through the power of God alone.

TEN COMMANMENTS

This law refers specifically to instances where we have instructions that come from divine revelation. Ex. What is handed to us by sacred Scriptures such as the _________________

Divine Law

_________ has written revelation that can be found in say for example Gospels

divine wisdom

This is different from eternal law because it simply tell that there is a _____________That directs each beings or creature.

ETERNAL LAW

_______________- there is a divine wisdom that directs our acts.

NATURAL LAW

_____________ it is the natural inclination of human beings to eternal law as they participate on it

HUMAN LAW

the more specific or more concrete to human acts

DIVINE LAW

instructions coming from divine revelations (gospels, Ten Commandments

preserve one’s own being.

Aquinas identifies nature of man which is common to other beings. This is the desire to ____________________________

makahiya leaf

A_____________________ folds inward and protect itself when touched. A cat tries to run away when it feel threatened. Similarly, humans have their own way of preserving their lives.

Murder

▪ Since preservation of life is in line with Natural law, taking one’s life is therefore against to it. _________, therefore is against Natural law. Acts that promote the continuation of life are to be lauded as ethical because they are in line with the Natural law.

HEAT

Aquinas stated that there are desires wherein we, humans are in common with other animals such as the desire to sexual intercourse and the care of one’s offspring. Animals periodically engage in sexual intercourse at a specific time of “___t” which could result to offspring just like how human beings have natural inclination to engage in sexual act and to reproduce.

EXERCISE OUR REASON

We need to recognize that while our other inclinations are good, what is means to be HUMAN is, precisely to ________ ___ _______in our consideration of how the whole self should be comported toward the good.

TRUE

Human is rational TRUE OR FALSE

Christian faith

▪ Natural law is instrumental to ethics and is rooted to __________________

Natural inclinations

_____________as enumerated by Aquinas include the desire to preserve our being (which is common with other beings including plants), the sexual acts and its fecundity ( in common with animal beings) and lastly is our use of reason (which is uniquely human.)

perfection

Our own objective to ethics is our own natural inclinations. Since these natural inclinations are given by God, they provide the path towards ___________