Finals Exam Archeology

• Date: Second Intermediate Period

• Material: Clay

• Provenance: University College London

• Function/Meaning: Burial gift with rebirth and regeneration and it functioned as a container for valuables.

• Significance: Cultural marker for middle bronze age.

• Tell el-Yahudiyeh ware Juglet 

• Bull Fresco

  • Date: 18th Dynasty

  • Material: Lime Plaster

  • Provenance: Tell El dabs

  • Function/Meaning: depicted a sacred ritual and symbolized strength 

  • Significance: Linked Aegean art to Egyptian new kingdom palaces.

• Relief of Queen of Punt

  • Date: 18 Dynasty, New Kingdom

  • Material: Painted Limestone

  • Provenance: Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

  • Function/Meaning: Documents the foreign people that Queen of Punt met and it functions as a legitimization to her reign. 

  • Significance: Showcases Hatshepsut political power and proof of Punt.

• Banquet Scenes, Tomb of Nebamun

  • Date: 18th Dynasty

  • Material: Painted Plaster on Mudbrick wall

  • Provenance: Theban Necropolis

  • Meaning/Function: Shows Nebuns life and celebrates it in a great banquet hall and functions to ensure Nebun has an enjoyment of feasting in the afterlife.

  • Significance: Provides the most vivid depictions of the New Kingdom elite leisure.

Tribute Scene, Tomb of Rekhmire

• Date: 18th Dynasty 

• Material: Painted Plaster 

• Provenance: Theban Necropolis

• Meaning and Function: It symbolizes Egypt's access to rare sources, and functions as a commemoration for Rekhmire's administrative role overseeing tribute so he has prosperity in the afterlife. 

• Significance: Showed Egypt's diplomatic and economic interactions with foreign land.

• Altar Stele of Akhenaten and Family, Berlin

  • Date: 18th Dynasty

  • Material: Limestone carved in Sunken Relief 

  • Provenance: Amarna 

  • Meaning and Function: Shows family receiving life giving rays, showing bond between royal family and sole god. Functions as an intermediary between humanity and the aten. 

• Bust of nefertiti:

  • Date: 18th Dynasty

  • Material: Painted Limestone

  • Provenance: Amarna 

  • Meaning and Function: Embodiment of beauty and royal authority as well as divine femininity. Functions as a sculptors model for teaching or replicating. 

  • Significance: Shows the refined naturalism of Amarna Art.

• Battle of Qadesh Scene (Luxor)

  • Date: 19th Dynasty

  • Material: Carved and painted Sandstone

  • Provenance: Nubia, temple of ramses the II

  • Function/meaning: Depict Ramses II receiving tribute and leading military and shows his warrior king. Functions as a way to glorify the king and legitimize him for visitors of nubia.

  • Significance: Celebrates Ramses II political power and military power and reinforces the ideology of showing him being victorious.

• Abu Simbel

  • Date: 19th Dynasty

  • Material: Rock-Cut Sandstone temple facade

  • Provenance: Abu Simbel Nubia

  • Function/Meaning: Was to honor Ramses II and the gods and portray Ramses as a divine ruler whose power radiated over Egypt and Nubia.

  • Greatest monumental statements of the New Kingdom Ideology.

• Colossal Statue Of Ramses II (Memphis)

  • Date: 19th Dynasty

  • Material: Carved Sandstone

  • Provenance: Luxor Temple

  • Function and meaning: Represents Ramses as a divine ruler and youthful and embodies royal power. Functions such as monumentalizing the king's presence at the temple entrance.

  • Significance: Exemplifies the colossal royal portraiture of the new kingdom, emphasizing RAmesses II’s political dominance.

• Temple of Seti I, Abydos

  • Date: 19 Dynasty

  • Material: Limestone and Sandstone

  • Provenance: Abydos

  • Function and meaning: A devotion to the gods and especially Osiris. Function is a mortuary and cult temple for seti I for offerings.

  • Significance: Provides some of the finest relief carvings of the New Kingdom.

• Funerary Mask of Psusennes

  • Date: 21st Dynasty 

  • Material: Solid Gold with lapis lazuli and obsidian 

  • Provenance: Tanis - Tomb of Psusennes I

  • Meaning/Function: Displays Psusennes in his true idealized divine form, functions to protect the king's face and identity in the afterlife.

  • Significance: One of the finest royal masks and shows the true Egyptian craftsmanship and wealth that resigned there.

• Taharqa offering nw Vases to Horus

  • Date: 25th Dynasty

  • Material: Bronze and Gold

  • Provenance: Temple of Hemen at Hibis

  • Function/Meaning: Demonstrates Taharqa kneeling before the falcon god hemen which demonstrates his piety and divine sanction. It functions as a temple offering statues.

  • Significance: Embodies the religious and political ideology of the Kushite 25th Dynasty.

• Gateway Relief, Palace of Apries

  • Date: 26th Dynasty

  • Material: Limestone relief 

  • Provenance: Palace of Apries, memphis

  • Meaning/Function: Shows king Apries performing a ritual act of royal power and divine legitimacy before gods. Functions as assertion to royal ideology.

  • Significance: Rare piece of material examples of late period royal palace decoration.

• Head Amasis (Berlin)

  • Date: 26th Dynasty

  • Material: Granodiroite

  • Provenance: Memphis, Egypt - Louvre

  • Meaning/Function: Portrays how Amasis was portrayed and functioned as part of a larger royal statue placed in a temple.

  • Significance: Exemplifies the 26th Dynasties revival of classical Old Kingdom Styles to legitimize Saite Rule

• Statue of Udjahhorenet

  • Date: Late period, 26th-27th Dynasty

  • Material: Schist 

  • Provenance: Sais

  • Function/Meaning: Shows Udjahhorenet as a pious official presenting a shrine containing a divine figure. Functions as a way to serve as a temple statue that he could be in worship forever.

  • Significance: Most important contemporary accounts of Egypt's Transition to Persian Rule.

• Mummy of Herakleides

  • Date: Roman Period in Egypt

  • Material: wax on linen cartonnage with gold leaf

  • Provenance: Roman Egypt

  • Function/Meaning: Lifelike realism to preserve his identity for eternity presenting him as divine. Face of the mummy to ensure recognition.

  • Significance: Shows the fusion of Roman Portrait naturalism with Egyptian funerary religion.