Cell Biology Study Guide

These flashcards include key terms and definitions related to cell biology, including cell types, organelles, transport mechanisms, and foundational concepts.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells without a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Nucleus

An organelle that stores DNA and controls cell activity.

Ribosomes

Organelles that synthesize proteins.

Mitochondria

The organelle known as the 'powerhouse of the cell,' generating ATP through cellular respiration.

Chloroplast

The organelle where photosynthesis occurs.

Cell Membrane

A semi-permeable membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cell Wall

A structure that provides support and protection to plant, fungal, and bacterial cells.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like fluid in which organelles float and reactions occur.

Lysosome

An organelle that digests waste, old organelles, or invaders.

Passive Transport

Transport of molecules across a membrane without the use of energy.

Active Transport

Transport that requires energy to move substances across a membrane.

Cell Theory

A foundational principle stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Central Vacuole

An organelle in plant cells that stores water, waste, and nutrients.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins and lipids.