PHILO

philosophy

philosophy

literally means love for wisdom

philosophy

also called as the mother of all sciences because the earliest philosopher began to study anything and everything

philo means love, sophia means wisdom

philosophy is derived from greek word _____ means ______ and _____ means ____________

metaphysics

study of reality and existence, who we are, and what our purpose is

epistemology

concerned with studying knowledge and the process of knowing

ask what is true and can we know what is true

logic

was previously considered a sub branch of epistemology

logic

addresses the questions: how can we apply knowledge in making decisions and choices with appropriate reasoning skills

axiology

concerned with how we place value on things

logic

the use of arguments and reasoning are in accordance with certain principles and methods to arrive at the truth

argument

composed of premises and conclusion

premises

support of the argument

these are the statements and building block to arrive in the conclusion

conclusion

the main point or claim that the argument is trying to establish
derived from the premises

deductive

deal with certainties

inductive

deal with probability and likelihood

truth

statements backed with evidence that correspond with reality

belief

is the acceptance that a statement is true or that something exist

meditation

art of introspection that helps a person to check his or her inner self from time to time

meditation

it is a process of looking, centering, and focusing on one’s self
commonly practiced in eastern philosophy and is used by great philosophers to reflect on the biggest mysteries of life

wisdom in philosophy

the right application of knowledge
generally referred to as insight, skill, or intelligence
having experience or knowledge and good judgement

socratic dialogue

as intellectual midwifery
makes us reflect on the concepts and ideas we think we already know
encourages a person to ask questions and think critically

dialectics

a two way process between parties that discusses a central idea
an active processes that allows people to exchange their view, beliefs, and arguments to arrive at the truth

hegelian dialectics

german idealist georg wilhelm friedrich hegel presented a method for developing knowledge through dialectics

georg wilhelm friedrich hegel

he presented the hegelian dialectics, a method for developing knowledge through dialectics

synthesis

the product of the struggle between thesis and anti thesis
this becomes a thesis and the process becomes perpetual cycle

thesis

refers to the initial stage or starting point of an argument or development

antithesis

the opposing idea or condition that contradicts or challenges the thesis

introspection

examination of oneself through the analysis of the meanings of one’s life

medieval philosophy

its starts with the idea that there exists an all knowing (omniscient), all powerful (omnipotent), and an all present (omnipresent) supreme being who created the world and all creatures in it, including human beings

essential approach

what is man
traditional metaphysics applied to man

nature of man

what is fundamental nature of human beings
this might include questions about whether humans have a fixed essence or nature that defines them

composition of man

what are the components that make up human being?

for instance, are humans purely physical or do they have non material aspect like a soul?

immortality of the soul

does the human soul survive physical death?

this topic explores the possibility of an afterlife or continued existence beyond death

operations of man

what are the functions or activities that define human experience and behavior?

this could involve understanding cognitive processes, emotions, and actions

existential approach

who is man
philosophical tradition of existentialism

human freedom

what does it mean to be free?

how do individuals exercise freedom and make choices in their lives

search for the meaning life

what is the purpose or meaning of human existence
this topic involves exploring personal and existential reasons to life’s ultimate questions

intersubjectivity

how do individuals experience and understand each other?

this involves examining how people relate to one another and share experiences

love

how love is experienced and understood from an existential perspective?

this could involve exploring the depth of personal conncetions and the role of love in human life

death

ask the question, how does the awareness of mortality affect human experience and choices

viktor frankl

described how prisoners in nazi concentration camps survived by quoting fredrich nietzsche : “he who has the why to live for can bear with almost any how”

existentialism

values the existence of man, its meaning and purpose

jean-paul sartre

widely known for saying “existence precodes essence“

episteme means knowledge, logos means study or discourse

epistemology derived from two greek words ______means __________ and ________ means _______or ________

study of knowledge

epistemology translates to __________

personal knowledge

type of knowledge that we acquire as we experience the world

practical or procedural

kind of knowledge that we have worked around since our existence started

prepositional

the type of knowledge that makes a claim

belief

refers to a person’s conviction toward his assertion

truth

to a claim that corresponds to reality

justification

refers to the prout or reason for us to believe the proposition

enthymeme

is an argument with a missing premise

aristotellian logic

branch of philosophy that focuses on the human mind is logic

aritotle

father of logic
for having the first recorded study of the subject

thales

considered first greek philosophers
proposed everything has made of water

argumentation

the process of making a conclusion from the set of premises

simple apprehension

is the process of grasping idea into the mind

judgement

connect one idea to another

reasoning

collects and connects propositions in order to prove something to be true

syllogism

prepositions that contain central topic