Got it! Let me break down all the terms with a bit more detail and in simple language: Healthcare Concepts 1. Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention • Primary Prevention: Stopping diseases before they start. Examples include vaccines, eating healthy, and exercising. • Secondary Prevention: Catching and treating diseases early. Examples are screenings (like mammograms) and routine check-ups. • Tertiary Prevention: Helping people live better with ongoing illnesses. Examples include rehab for stroke patients or physical therapy after surgery. 2. Iron Triangle • This describes how healthcare focuses on balancing three things: cost, quality, and access. If you improve one (like quality), it can affect the others (like increasing cost). 3. Determinants of Health • These are all the factors that affect your health, like: • Biology: Genes, age, and sex. • Environment: Where you live, air quality, and access to resources. • Behavior: Smoking, eating habits, and exercise. • Healthcare Access: Whether you can afford and reach doctors. 4. Medigap • This is extra health insurance that helps people on Medicare cover costs Medicare doesn’t pay, like copays or deductibles. Health Insurance Terms 5. Self-Funded (Self-Insurance): • Instead of buying insurance, some companies pay directly for their employees’ medical bills. This works for big businesses that can afford unexpected costs. 6. Copayments and Coinsurance: • Copay: A small fixed fee you pay for a visit or medication (e.g., $20 for a doctor visit). • Coinsurance: You pay a percentage of the bill after meeting your deductible (e.g., 20% of a $1,000 surgery = $200). 7. Medicare Part A, B, C, and D: • A: Covers hospital stays. • B: Covers doctor visits and outpatient care. • C: A combination of A and B, offered through private companies with added benefits. • D: Helps pay for prescription medications. 8. Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO): • A strict insurance plan where you must use a network of doctors and get referrals to see specialists. It’s cheaper but less flexible. 9. Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO): • More flexible insurance that lets you see any doctor, but it costs more. You save money if you stay in-network. 10. Point of Service (POS) Plans: • Combines HMO and PPO. You can go out-of-network, but you’ll pay more. Referrals are usually required. 11. Carve-Outs: • These are services not included in regular health plans, like mental health care or vision care. They’re offered separately. Healthcare Payment Terms 12. Fee-for-Service: • You’re charged for every service you get (e.g., separate bills for a doctor visit, tests, and medications). 13. Usual and Customary Fees: • The standard amount insurance companies will pay for a service based on local rates. 14. Medical Loss Ratio: • The percentage of premium dollars an insurance company spends on actual medical care versus administration or profit. For example, if the ratio is 80%, $0.80 of every dollar goes to your care. Legal and Ethical Concepts 15. Implied Contracts and Informed Consent: • Implied Contracts: An unwritten agreement between patients and doctors (e.g., doctors must provide safe care). • Informed Consent: Doctors explain risks and benefits before you agree to treatment. 16. Intentional Torts: • Wrongful acts done on purpose in healthcare, like lying about treatments or physically harming a patient. 17. Tort Reform: • Changing laws to limit how much people can sue doctors or hospitals for mistakes. 18. Patient Bill of Rights: • Rules to protect patients, such as access to your medical records and the right to refuse treatment. 19. Defensive Medicine: • Doctors perform extra tests or procedures just to avoid lawsuits, even if they aren’t needed. 20. EMTALA: • A law requiring hospitals to treat emergency patients, regardless of their ability to pay. Mental Health Concepts 21. Mental Disorders, PTSD, ADHD: • Mental Disorders: Conditions like depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia that affect thinking and emotions. • PTSD: Intense stress and flashbacks after trauma (e.g., soldiers after war). • ADHD: Trouble paying attention, being overly active, or acting without thinking. 22. Mental Health Commitment Laws: • Rules that allow or require someone to be hospitalized for mental health treatment, especially if they’re a danger to themselves or others. 23. Mental Health Parity Act: • Requires health insurance to cover mental health care equally to physical health care. Ethics and Technology in Healthcare 24. Medical Ethics and Bioethics: • Medical Ethics: Rules for how doctors should treat patients fairly and safely. • Bioethics: Big moral questions in medicine, like cloning or using stem cells. 25. Paternalism: • When doctors or governments make decisions for patients “for their own good” without consulting them. 26. Electronic Health Record (EHR): • A digital version of your health history that doctors can easily share to improve care. Healthcare Systems and Policies 27. Accountable Care Organizations (ACO): • Groups of doctors and hospitals that work together to provide better care at lower costs. They share in any savings or penalties. 28. PPACA (Affordable Care Act): • A law that made healthcare more affordable and accessible. Key features: • Individual Mandate: Everyone must have insurance or pay a penalty. • Insurance Exchanges: Online marketplaces to compare and buy plans. • Medicaid Expansion: More people qualify for government health insurance. 29. Medical Homes: • A care model where one primary team handles all your healthcare needs, improving communication and care quality. 30. Bundle Payments: • Instead of billing separately for every part of a treatment (e.g., surgery, hospital stay), providers are paid one lump sum. 31. Deinstitutionalization: • Moving people with mental illnesses out of long-term institutions and into community-based care. Would you like me to explain any specific concept even further?dw

What is a key benefit of flashcards for studying?

Enhance retention through active recall.

What process do flashcards promote that aids in information retention?

Self-testing and spaced repetition.

How can flashcards be customized when studying?

Their flexible format allows personal customization.

What is the first step in creating flashcards?

Identify key concepts or terms.

What should be written on one side of the flashcard?

A clear question or term.

What is needed on the opposite side of a flashcard?

A concise answer or definition.

How should flashcards be organized to enhance study sessions?

By subject or theme for targeted study.

What should be included for multiple choice questions created from flashcard terms?

3-4 answer options including one correct answer.

What are the steps to formulating a multiple choice question from a flashcard?

Choose a key term, formulate a clear question, develop answer options.

What is crucial to ensure when wording options in multiple choice questions?

The options should be clear and concise to avoid confusion.

What type of learning does active recall with flashcards facilitate?

Long-term memory retention.

What should be the nature of questions written for the flashcards?

They should be clear and concise.

Why is self-testing important in the study process?

It helps reinforce learning and memory.

In what ways can flashcards be utilized in tutoring?

To assist students in reinforcing key concepts.

What is the advantage of spaced repetition when using flashcards?

It allows for better retention over longer periods.

How can learners track their progress using flashcards?

By organizing flashcards based on mastered and unmastered concepts.

What kind of format is beneficial for flashcards for optimal learning?

A flexible format for customization.

What is an effective way to revise information before an exam using flashcards?

Reviewing them in intervals, incorporating spaced repetition.

What is a common mistake to avoid when creating flashcards?

Writing overly complicated questions or answers.

What does the key term 'active recall' mean in the context of studying?

Retrieving information from memory actively rather than passively reviewing.

Why might students prefer flashcards over other study methods?

They can be tailored to personal learning styles and needs.

How can visual learners benefit from flashcards?

By incorporating images or diagrams alongside text.

What role do distractors play in multiple choice questions?

They provide incorrect answer options to test knowledge.

Which cognitive process is enhanced by frequent self-testing with flashcards?

Metacognition, or awareness of one's own learning processes.

What is the impact of regular use of flashcards on anxiety related to exams?

It can reduce anxiety by increasing familiarity with material.

What is one of the main goals in organizing flashcards?

To enable targeted study sessions focusing on specific subjects.

How is the effectiveness of flashcards influenced during study sessions?

By the frequency and manner of review.

Why is it important to keep answers concise on flashcards?

To ensure quick recall and comprehension.

What is a suggested method for reviewing flashcards regularly?

Setting aside specific intervals for dedicated review sessions.

How can group study sessions incorporate flashcards effectively?

By allowing members to quiz each other using the flashcards.

What is a beneficial strategy for difficult concepts when creating flashcards?

Break them down into smaller, more manageable components.

What aspect of flashcards can make them superior to traditional notes?

Their interactive nature promotes engagement and active learning.

What type of feedback do flashcards provide during the study process?

Immediate feedback on knowledge and recall.

Which learning approach aligns well with the use of flashcards?

Constructivist learning, where learners build on existing knowledge.

How does the visual aspect of flashcards support learning?

It aids in visual memory, complementing written information.

What benefit do mobile flashcard apps bring to studying?

They allow for study on the go and easily accessible revision.

What cognitive skill can be sharpened through frequent flashcard review?

Critical thinking, as one evaluates correct answers.

How often should flashcards be reviewed for maximum benefit?

Regular intervals based on the spaced repetition principle.

What can be added to flashcards to enhance understanding of complex subjects?

Examples or applications of concepts.

What overall advantage do flashcards provide in self-directed study?

They promote a proactive approach to learning.

Why is it useful to organize flashcards by theme?

It helps focus on particular areas that need improvement.

What is a critical component of successful flashcard use?

Consistency in reviewing and updating them.

What element can make flashcards more engaging for students?

Incorporating color or interesting designs.

What can be a useful modification for auditory learners using flashcards?

Saying the questions and answers out loud.

What role can flashcards play in exam preparation?

They provide a comprehensive review of key concepts.

How can students assess their knowledge with flashcards?

By checking their answers after attempting to recall them.

What does spaced repetition in flashcard studies focus on?

Reviewing information at increasing intervals.

What is a potential downside of flashcards if not used properly?

Over-reliance can lead to superficial understanding of material.

How do flashcards encourage active engagement during study sessions?

They require the student to interact with the material.

What’s an effective way to introduce a new topic with flashcards?

Creating an overview card with essential terms.

How can learners make flashcard sessions more dynamic?

By turning them into games or quizzes.

What is a long-term advantage of mastering content through flashcards?

Increased confidence in subject matter during assessments.

What’s a strategy for flashcard effectiveness in collaborative learning environments?

Sharing and discussing flashcards among peers.

Why should flashcards be regularly updated?

To reflect new information or insights gained over time.

What is a tactic for improving recall using flashcards?

Teaching the material to someone else using the flashcards.

What can learners add to their flashcards to support memory retention?

Mnemonics or memory aids related to the terms.

What is a productivity tip for using flashcards efficiently?

Setting limits on how many cards to review in one session.

How can the process of creating flashcards itself aid learning?

It encourages deeper processing of the material.

What is an advantage of digital flashcards over traditional paper cards?

They can include multimedia elements like audio and video.

What kind of feedback does reviewing flashcards provide?

Instant feedback on memory recall and knowledge.

What approach can strengthen the efficacy of flashcards in studying?

Combining flashcards with other study methods.

What is the overarching benefit of using flashcards in any subject?

They facilitate better retention and understanding of material.

What can be a useful strategy for challenging subjects when using flashcards?

Pairing them with other resources or study materials.

What is the purpose of including distractors in multiple choice questions?

To challenge knowledge and ensure understanding.

What is critical when assessing the quality of answer options in multiple choice questions?

All options must be plausible to avoid guessing.

Why might a student prefer flashcards for exam preparation?

They provide a quick and effective way to review material.