finish 13 and 14

cerebrum gray matter

in cerebral cortex and basal nuclei

cerebrum white matter

deep to basal cortex

around basal nuclei

gyri

increase surface area

longitudinal fissure

separates cerebral hemispheres

lobes

divisions of hemispheres

central sulcus

divides anterior frontal lobe from posterior parietal lobe

lateral sulcus

divides frontal lobe from temporal lobe

commissural fibers

bands of fibers connecting 2 hemispheres

corpus callosum and anterior commissure

frontal lobe

primary motor cortex voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, sense of smell and mood

parietal

primary sensory cortex reception and evaluation of most sensory info such as touch, temp, pain, balance, taste

temporal

auditory and olfactory cortext receives and evaluates input for smell and hearing, memory, abstract thought and judgement

occipital

visual cortex reception and integration of visual input and aids minorly in functions in other lobes

primary motor cortex

anterior

premotor and prefrontal

primary somatic sensory

posterior

somatic sensory

visual association area

visual cortex

primary sensory area

sensory pathways project to

somatic sensory

visual

auditory

taste

olfactory

visual cortex

info from sight receptors

separate signals (color, movement, shape)

most posterior of cerebrum (occipital)

auditory cortex

sound receptors (temporal lobe)

olfactory cortex

odor receptors (temporal)

gustatory cortex

taste receptors (parietal)

primary somatic sensory cortex

organized topographically in somatic sensory cortex

size of cortex depends on # of sensory receptors

most in lips, face, and hands

receives somatic sensory info

sensory association areas

take rudimentary primary sensory area info and translates it (like merging visual info)

somatic sensory association area

monitors and interprets input to primary sensory cortex (recognizes and responds to mosquito landing)

visual association area

interprets activity in visual cortex

flags familiar info and weakens signals of new

ex: find someone we know in a crowd easily

auditory association area

monitors auditory cortex

word recognition

primary motor cortex

also called precentral gyrus

controls voluntary movement

more precise a movement the more neurons involved

premotor area

coordination of learned a movements

determines organization of stimulation and strength of stimulation to each muscle

not just random stimulation but a pattern

practice makes perfect

signal goes from premotor cortex to primary motor cortex

prefrontal cortex of frontal lobe

integrates info from sensory association areas

performs abstract intellectual activities

regulates mood and emotions associated with events

prefrontal lobotomy

prevents associations

consequences of actions

wernike’s area

present in only 1 hemisphere

receives info from all sensory association areas

coordinates access to complex visual and auditory memories

speech

only in left cortex

wernicke’s area comprehends and formulates speech

broca’s area receives input from wernicke’s and sends impulses to premotor and motor areas and cause muscle movements for speech