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cerebrum gray matter
in cerebral cortex and basal nuclei
cerebrum white matter
deep to basal cortex
around basal nuclei
gyri
increase surface area
longitudinal fissure
separates cerebral hemispheres
lobes
divisions of hemispheres
central sulcus
divides anterior frontal lobe from posterior parietal lobe
lateral sulcus
divides frontal lobe from temporal lobe
commissural fibers
bands of fibers connecting 2 hemispheres
corpus callosum and anterior commissure
frontal lobe
primary motor cortex voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, sense of smell and mood
parietal
primary sensory cortex reception and evaluation of most sensory info such as touch, temp, pain, balance, taste
temporal
auditory and olfactory cortext receives and evaluates input for smell and hearing, memory, abstract thought and judgement
occipital
visual cortex reception and integration of visual input and aids minorly in functions in other lobes
primary motor cortex
anterior
premotor and prefrontal
primary somatic sensory
posterior
somatic sensory
visual association area
visual cortex
primary sensory area
sensory pathways project to
somatic sensory
visual
auditory
taste
olfactory
visual cortex
info from sight receptors
separate signals (color, movement, shape)
most posterior of cerebrum (occipital)
auditory cortex
sound receptors (temporal lobe)
olfactory cortex
odor receptors (temporal)
gustatory cortex
taste receptors (parietal)
primary somatic sensory cortex
organized topographically in somatic sensory cortex
size of cortex depends on # of sensory receptors
most in lips, face, and hands
receives somatic sensory info
sensory association areas
take rudimentary primary sensory area info and translates it (like merging visual info)
somatic sensory association area
monitors and interprets input to primary sensory cortex (recognizes and responds to mosquito landing)
visual association area
interprets activity in visual cortex
flags familiar info and weakens signals of new
ex: find someone we know in a crowd easily
auditory association area
monitors auditory cortex
word recognition
primary motor cortex
also called precentral gyrus
controls voluntary movement
more precise a movement the more neurons involved
premotor area
coordination of learned a movements
determines organization of stimulation and strength of stimulation to each muscle
not just random stimulation but a pattern
practice makes perfect
signal goes from premotor cortex to primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex of frontal lobe
integrates info from sensory association areas
performs abstract intellectual activities
regulates mood and emotions associated with events
prefrontal lobotomy
prevents associations
consequences of actions
wernike’s area
present in only 1 hemisphere
receives info from all sensory association areas
coordinates access to complex visual and auditory memories
speech
only in left cortex
wernicke’s area comprehends and formulates speech
broca’s area receives input from wernicke’s and sends impulses to premotor and motor areas and cause muscle movements for speech