Unit 4 vocab hgap

NATO

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) an alliance of 28 counties bordering the North Atlantic Ocean

political boundary

A border constructed and imposed on or around a geographic territory in order to distinguish between areas of governance or types of political control

subsequent boundary (ethnographic)

A boundary drawn after the development of the cultural landscape

antecedent boundary

A boundary drawn before a large population was present

superimposed boundary

A boundary drawn by outside powers

relic boundary

A boundary that no longer exists

The United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea

A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982

multinational state

A country that contains more than one nation

autonomous region (semiautonomous region)

A defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state

voting districts

A geographical area which is represented by a seat or numerous seats in a legislative body such as parliament or congress

choke points

A geographical feature on land such as a valley or a bridge

European Union

A group of 28 countries that operate as a cohesive economic and political block; 19 of the countries use the euro as their official currency

independence movements

A group of people who have come together to advocate for freedom

Nation

A group of people with certain things in common

Nationalism

A nation’s desire to create and maintain a state of its own

Ethnonationalism

A particular strain of nationalism that is marked by the desire of an ethnic community to have absolute authority over its own political

Shatterbelt

A region of instability located between two very different regions

Nation-state

A singular nation of people who fulfill the qualifications of a state

ethnic nationalist movements

A social and political movement for obtaining and maintaining ethnic national identity and autonomy among a group of people that some of its members consider a nation

unitary state

A state governed constitutionally as a unit without internal divisions or a federalist delegation of powers

federal state

A state in which a group or body of members are bound together with a governing representative head

failed states

A state which can no longer perform basic functions such as education

geometric boundary

A straight line drawn by people that does not follow any physical feature closely

consequent boundary

A subsequent boundary that is created to accommodate a region’s cultural diversity

Irredentism

A type of expansionism that occurs when one country seeks to annex territory in another because it has ties to part of the population that lives there

trade agreement

A wide-ranging taxes

equitable infrastructure development

An approach for meeting the needs of underserved communities through policies and programs that reduce disparities while fostering places that are healthy and vibrant

demilitarized zone

An area in which treaties or agreements between nations

military alliance

An international agreement concerning national security

United Nations

An international organization that works to promote peace

African Union

An organization of African states established in 2002 as a successor to the OAU to encourage development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members

exclusive economic zone

Coastal states can explore

contiguous zone

Coastal states have a limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles where they can enforce laws on customs

stateless nation

Cultural groups that have no independent political entity

delimiting a boundary

Drawing a line on a map to show the limits of a space

Arctic Council

Established in 1996 by the Ottawa Declaration as a high-level intergovernmental forum to provide a means for promoting cooperation

defining a boundary

Establishing a boundary by a legal document such as a treaty that divides one entity from another (invisible line); the entity could range from a country to a single plot of real estate

Transnational

Extending beyond national boundaries

demarcating a boundary

Identifying a boundary by physical objects placed on the landscape; could be a sign or a set of fences and walls

Berlin Conference

Meeting of representatives from the major empires of Europe to divide up Africa and formalize their land claims

Supranationalism

Occurs when multiple countries form an organization to collectively achieve greater benefits for all members

Terrorism

Organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets that is intended to create fear in furtherance of political aims

ASEAN

The association of Southeast Asian Nations established in 2015 to promote the economic growth of 10 countries south of China as well as regional stability among its members

Infrastructure

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (buildings

cultural cohesion

The capacity to live together in harmony with a sense of mutual commitment among citizens of different social or economic circumstances

Territoriality

The connection of people

economies of scale

The cost advantages of conducting economic activity on a large scale

Gerrymandering

The drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party or group in power to extend or cement their advantage

administering a boundary

The final phase of boundary making in which countries sharing a common border establish regular procedures for maintaining boundary markers

ethnic cleansing

The forced removal of a minority ethnic group from a territory

State

The largest political unit

Redistricting

The periodic redrawing of legislative district boundaries

Sovereignty

The power of a political unit to rule over its own affairs

Self-determinism

The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government

Devolution

The transfer of political power from the central government to subnational level of government

Democratization

The transition from autocratic to more representative forms of politics

uneven development

The unequal distribution of people

Neocolonialism

The use of economic

territorial seas

Up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty starting at a state’s coast; commercial vessels may pass through

international waters/high seas

Water beyond the EEZ and open to all states

multistate nation

When a nation has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states

ethnic separatism

When an ethnic group wants to separate from the larger group