CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS MODULE 4 TOXICOLOGY

Zootoxins: Tetrodotoxin

Pufferfish

Zootoxins: Ciguatoxin

Inedible fish organs

Zootoxins: Sourine

Tuna

Zootoxins: Venerupin

Sardines

Zootoxins: Gemblid

Mackerel

Zootoxins: Bufotoxin

Frogs

Zootoxins: Clupeotoxin

Oysters

Zootoxins: Cantharidin

Blister fly (Cantharis vesicatoria)

Zootoxins: 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)

Scorpion

Zootoxins: Formic acid

Red ants

Zootoxins: Hyaluronidase

Snake venom

Zootoxins: Latrotoxin

Black widow/hourglass spider (Latrodectus mactans)

Phytotoxins: Arecoline

Betel nut

Phytotoxins: Physostigmine

Calabar bean

Phytotoxins: Santonin

Santonica

Phytotoxins: Atropine

Belladonna

Phytotoxins: Quinine

Bitter bark

Phytotoxins: Nicotine

Tobacco

Phytotoxins: Brucine and strychnine

Nux vomica

Phytotoxins: Solanine

Rotten potato

Phytotoxins: Coniine

Aconite

Phytotoxins: Phalloidin

Death angel

Phytotoxins: Colchicine

Autumn crocus

Glycosides: Digitoxin

Foxglove

Glycosides: Sapotoxin

Saponins

Glycosides: Mannihotoxin

Cassava

Glycosides: Picrotoxin

Fish berries

Resins/Volatile oils: Podophyllotoxin

Mayapple/Mandrake

Resins/volatile oils: Cannabinol

Marijuana

Resins/volatile oils: Myristicin (phenolic ether V.O.)

Nutmeg

Lectins: Abrin

Jequirity seeds

Lectins: Ricin

Castor

Lectins: Robin

Black locust

Food-borne toxins: Saxitoxin, Red tide PSP

Dinoflagellates

Food-borne toxins: Aflatoxin, stale nuts, carcinogenic to liver

Aspergillus flavus

Food-borne toxins: From pathogenic bacteria, spoiled food

Ptomaine

Food-borne toxins: From pathogenic bacteria, stale milk and dairy products

Thyrotoxin

Food-borne toxins: Ergot, causing ergotism either convulsive or gangrenous (St. Anthony’s fire)

Claviceps purpurea

Microbial toxins: From either g+ or g- organisms, proteinaceous, high ability to cause disease, small lethal dose

Exotoxin

Microbial toxins: Botulinum toxin, spoiled canned goods (neurotoxic)

Clostridium botulinum

Microbial toxins: Tetanospasmin, tetany, spastic paralysis

Clostridium tetani

Microbial toxins: Cytotoxin, gas gangrene

Clostridium perfringens

Microbial toxins: S. aureus, food poisoning (heat-stable toxin)

Enterotoxin

Microbial toxins: S. aureus, toxic shock syndrome (women using tampons)

Staphylococcus TSST-1

Microbial toxins: Diptheria cytotoxin, inhibit protein synthesis in nerves, kidney, heart cells (human antibiotic)

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Microbial toxins: Cholera enterotoxin, rice watery stool

Vibrio cholerae

Microbial toxins: E. coli enterotoxin, traveler’s diarrhea

E. coli

Microbial toxins: Typhoid, typhoid fever

Salmonella typhi

Microbial toxins: UTI infections

Proteus