Canadian History from 1970-1989

Flashcards about Canadian History from 1970-1989

Front de Liberation du Québec (FLQ)

Sought independence for Quebec and kidnapped James Cross in 1970.

Pierre Laporte

Quebec Minister of Labour, kidnapped by the FLQ five days after Cross.

Jean Marchand

Incorrectly believed the FLQ had thousands of members and enough explosives to destroy Montreal.

War Measures Act

Allowed special powers of arrest to stop an insurrection; invoked by Trudeau in 1970.

Levesque & Douglas

Criticized Trudeau's invocation of the War Measures Act, condemning baseless arrests.

Pierre Laporte

Murdered in response to the government’s “arrogance” after the War Measures Act invocation.

October Crisis

Gave a boost to Rene Levesque’s separatist, but non-violent, political party.

Levesque

Believed federalism was inefficient for Quebec and the province must become a sovereign state.

Etapism

A gradual approach to separation embraced by Levesque.

Bill 101

Made French the only working language of the province.

Middle East oil crisis (OPEC)

Sprang from a 1973 war in the Middle East, leading to rising oil prices.

Anti-Inflation Act

Passed in 1975 by Trudeau for wage and price control for three years.

Petro-Canada

Established by the government to gain more control over the energy sector.

West

Argued oil rights belonged to the provinces and should be sold at competitive prices.

USA influence (unions / UAW)

The United SteelWorkers of America and the United Auto Workers

Committee for Independent Canada

Determined Canada’s economic policies allowed excessive reliance on America.

FIRA

Required foreign business investments to be approved by the Canadian government.

National Energy Program

Designed to secure our oil supply and create greater Canadian ownership of the domestic oil industry.

Joe Clark

Won the 1979 election, advocating for more power to the provinces.

CIDA

Allowed interactions between nations under the pretext of trade and aid.

Third Option

Sought sporting, trade, and cultural links with Cold War foes.

Candu reactors

Sent nuclear reactors to India in 1973, causing tensions with the U.S.

Trudeau

Agreed to supply Europe with arms, but not troops, in NATO.

Trudeau

Allowed the U.S. to test cruise missiles over Canada.

Cooperation

The Great Lakes Quality Agreement cleaned water bodies

Haiti

Becoming the largest roup of new immigrants to the province, they didn’t fit well in white quebec.

Rosemary Brown

First Black woman to enter a legislature and run for leadership of a federal political party.

Anne Cools

Appointed to the senate in 1984, becoming the first black woman to do so.

Fergie Jenkins

First Canadian winner of the MLB CY Young Award

Bromley Armstrong

Helping found the Urban Alliance on Race Relations

Caribbean immigration (urban)

Made Caribana very much a feature of the West Indian cultural scene and a fixture in Toronto’s summer calendar

Lincoln Alexander

Became the first Black federal Cabinet minister

George Carter (Canadian-born judge)

First Canadian-born Black judge.

Jamaican immigration

Today Jamaica stands as the largest source of Black people from the Caribbean to Canada, and their strong role in the track and field sector.

Women

Concluded that gender equalities were still present in Canada. Women still only earned 58% of their male counterparts salaries.

Immigration Act 1976

Marked that the nation was being diverse and non discriminant.

Multiculturalism

Officially deemed Canada as a multicultural nation.

South Asians (Uganda, Amin)

He ordered the expulsion of the country’s Asian minority and he expelled all South Asians in the 1970s.

Indigenous Canada

raising Indigenous concerns from the outset and the fight against this pipe dream would unite Inuit, Dene and Metis peoples.

Berger Report

Recommended postponing the pipeline for ten years.

Iran Revolution

Canada’s embassy chief Taylor hid about six of them and led them to safety from Iran

NORAD

Extended the NORAD continental security connection with Washington for another five year

FIRA/NEP

Changed FIRA to Investment Canada and dismantling of the NEP

Shamrock Summit

America smiled as Mulroney declared Canada “open for business”.

Free Trade (Mulroney)

Malour launched a free trade agreement with America.

Election

Work between the two countries on the trade deal started in 1986 and a landmark Can-Am Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was finalized two years later

Assembly of First Nations

In 1982 the Assembly of First Nations was formed to protect Indigenous right

Residential schools (apology)

United Church of Canada became the first of the churches involved in the running of the residential schools to issue an apology to the survivors

Amelie (India)

Those aboard were dropped off by the ship Amelie that had smuggled them to Canadian shores illegally.

Levesque/Parti Quebecois

In subsequent speeches Levesque would berate those eminent Quebecois named Trudeau and Chrétien

Referendum

A referendum on sovereignty-association was organized, which meant independence from Canada but the retention of close economic ties.

Trudeau/Chretien

launched the difficult task of patriating the constitution, gathering the premiers for a meeting that fall.

Reform Party

It promoted fiscal conservatism, Senate reform, and greater provincial autonomy.

Meech Lake accord

A failed 1987 constitutional amendment package negotiated by PM Brian Mulroney and all provincial premiers

Distinct society

A term used in the Meech Lake Accord to describe Quebec’s unique status in Canada due to its French language, culture, and civil law system.

Elijah Harper (Manitoba)

A Cree MLA from Manitoba who played a pivotal role in the failure of the Meech Lake Accord.

Rejection

Refers to the formal collapse of the Meech Lake Accord in 1990 after the legislatures of Manitoba (due to Elijah Harper) and Newfoundland (under Premier Clyde Wells) failed to ratify it before the three-year deadline.

Terry Fox

A Canadian athlete and cancer survivor who, in 1980, began the Marathon of Hope to run across Canada and raise money for cancer research.

Anne Cools

Canada’s first Black senator, appointed in 1984 by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.

Ecole Polytechnique

entered the École Polytechnique engineering school in Montreal and shot 14 women dead, blaming feminists for his personal failures.