TP1 APUSH Review Guide: 1491-1607

What occurred in 1491?

 Year before Columbus arrived =

• Native Americans have an advanced culture

What occurred in 1607?

Jamestown, the first English colony was created

What were some characteristics of Native American societies

• Diverse/Complex/Advanced

• As you go from North Arctic to South (tropics) complexity increases

• Arctic hunters and gatherers 

• Present USA villages semi-nomadic

• Aztec and Inca are very advanced

  • Have advanced agriculture

• Aztec do the chinampa system and farm maize in Tenochtitlan

• Inca use the terrace farming farmed staple crop potato in Cusco/Machu Picchu

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange is the massive transfer of plants, animals, diseases, culture, people (including enslaved Africans), and technology between the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia) and the New World (the Americas) after Columbus's voyages

What were the effects of Columbian Exchange?

• Exchange of materials, plants, livestock, disease + culture/language/religion across the Atlantic

• "Great Dying” from smallpox

• New staple crops go from New World to the Old World

What are the 3 main Catholic Empires? What are similarities between them? What does it lead to?

Spanish, Portuguese, French

Similarities: All are absolute monarchies that govern their colonies directly enforce mercantilism (viceroy)

NOT settler colonies: All intermarry with natives and try to convert them to catholicism

Leads to the castas system: (peninsulares, creole. Mestizo, Mulattoes)

What are the differences of the 3 main Catholic Empires?

The ECONOMIES:

• Spain: Encomienda system 

  • Use natives to mine and farm

  • Natives fight back in Pueblo Revolt 

• Portuguese = Create cash crop leads to Asiento/African slaves

• French = make MONEY from fur trade with indigenous people: French have best relations with natives