Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton Overview

Function of the skeleton

Supports body, protects organs, enables movement.

Average adult bones

206 bones are found in an adult human.

Lower skeleton function

Supports weight and facilitates locomotion.

Upper skeleton function

Protects brain and supports sensory organs.

Axial skeleton components

Includes skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage.

Axial skeleton bone count

There are 80 bones in the axial skeleton.

Only unconnected bone

The hyoid bone is not connected to others.

Middle ear components

Contains three auditory ossicles.

Skull bone count

The skull consists of 22 bones.

Vertebral column vertebrae

Contains 33 vertebrae, including cervical and lumbar.

Thoracic cage components

Consists of ribs and the sternum.

Appendicular skeleton bones

Contains 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton.

Skull divisions

Divided into facial bones and cranial vault.

Mobile skull bone

The mandible is the only movable skull bone.

Eyeball location

Eyeballs are contained in the orbits.

Nasal cavity divider

Divided by the nasal septum.

Nasal cavity contents

Contains ethmoid bone and inferior nasal concha.

Zygomatic arch bones

Composed of zygomatic and temporal bones.

Mandible articulation

Connects via mandibular and temporal fossae.

Skull cap

The calvaria is the upper skull part.

Frontal plate

A pair of bones on the skull's side.

Temporal plate

Paired bones on either side of the skull.

Frontal bone

Single bone forming the forehead region.

Occipital bone

Single bone forming the posterior skull.

Pituitary gland location

Located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid.

Traumatic brain injury stats

30% of injury-related deaths involve brain injuries.

Upper jaw bone

The maxilla is the upper jaw bone.

Palatine bone

Contains the palatine plate, forming the mouth roof.

Cleft lip vs. palate

Cleft lip is a split in the lip.

Vertebral connection type

Connected via intervertebral discs of fibrocartilage.

Cervical vertebra count

Cervical vertebrae number is 7.

Sacrum vertebrae count

Contains 5 fused vertebrae.

Coccyx vertebrae count

Contains 4 fused vertebrae.

Giraffe vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae have elongated spinous processes.

Moose vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae have shorter spinous processes.

Coccyx definition

Derived from fusion of coccygeal vertebrae.

Chiropractor's role

Focuses on spinal alignment and health.

Thoracic cage function

Protects thoracic organs and supports respiration.

Sternum parts

Includes manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

Rib cage composition

Consists of 12 pairs of ribs.

True ribs count

7 pairs of true ribs connect directly.

False ribs count

5 pairs of false ribs, 2 pairs floating.

Rib connection type

Connected to sternum via costal cartilage.

Primitive structure for CNS

The notochord forms the brain and spinal cord.

Neural tube definition

First differentiation in embryonic development.

Endochondral ossification function

Converts cartilage into bone during development.

Infant brain case size

Larger to accommodate brain growth.

Soft spot term

Fontanelle is the scientific term for soft spot.

Fontanelle tissue type

Contains fibrous connective tissue.