Introduction to Mechanization

Effect of increasing population

Increase demand of land for human settlements and high demand for food and fiber

General term used to describe tractors, implements, machines and any other devices more sophisticated than hand-tools which are animal or mechanically powered.

Agricultural machinery

Stationary mechanical devices.

Agricultural equipment

To use machine to accomplish tasks or operation

mechanize

Classification of Agricultural Machines

Agricultural Field Equipment, Farmstead Equipment

Types of Agricultural Field Equipment

Agricultural Tractors, Agricultural Implement, Self-propelled machines

A traction machines designed primarily to supply power to agricultural implements and farmstead equipment.

Agricultural Tractors

It propel itself and provide a force to the direction of travel enable attached soil engaging and other agricultural implement to perform its intended function.

Agricultural Tractors

An implement that is designed to perform agricultural operations

Agricultural Implements

Classifications of Agricultural Implements

1. Towed

2. mounted

3. semi-mounted

An implement designed with integral power unit to provide both mobility and power for performing agricultural operations.

Self-propelled machines

Classification of Agricultural Machines

1. Tillage equipment

2. crop establishment equipment

3. crop maintenance equipment

4. harvesting and threshing equipment

5. drying equipment

6. milling equipment

7. storage equipment

includes plow and harrow, used to prepare land to make it easy for seeding and planting

Tillage equipment

used to place seeds or plant parts into the prepared seedbed and subsequently fertilize them

Crop establishment equipment

includes cultivating, weeding, spraying, dusting, as well as irrigation equipment to make sure that the crop grows to produce its potential yield

Crop Maintenance equipment

equipment used to gather and separate the produced from the panicles and make it ready for primary processing operation

Harvesting and threshing equipment

equipment used to reduce the moisture of the product to a level that it can be stored with minimum loss from spoilage

Drying equipment

equipment used to separate the edible part of the grain to its husk, pulp, cob, or pod

Milling equipment

equipment used to keep the product safe from deterioration or spoilage for prolong period of storage

Storage equipment

Levels of Mehanization Technology

• Human Power

• Animal Power

• Mechanical power

Hand tools

Human Power

Animal drawn equipment

Animal Power

tractor-drawn or engine-driven

Mechanical power

is only one level of mechanization, mechanical power

Tractorization

Who will benefit from mechanization?

Farmers, Landowners irrespective of land size, Agri workers, consumers

Factors to consider in farm mech

1. Size of farm

2. Crop to grow

3. Type of farming (dry or wet)

4. Type of soil

5. Topography of land

6. Availability of local labor

7. Cost of custom operation in locality

8. Capital Available

9. Market for produced crop

10. Means of transportation

High land Area to farmer ratio; cultivate vast areas of agri lands with limited manpower

USA

Low land area to farmer ratio; increase yields and cropping intensities

Japan

Average age of Filipino Farmers is between

57 and 59 years old

Mechanization level in the Philippines is

1.23 hp/ ha

Average land holdings of farmers in the Philippines is

1.29 ha

Average yield of rice is

3.95 Tons/ ha

Water Pumping Machinery

1-47

This is the artificial application of water to the soil for the purpose of supplying moisture essential for plant growth

Irrigation

application of water on the soil surface.

Surface Irrigation

application of water below the soil surface

Subsurface Irrigation

application of water to the soil surface in the form of spray resembling that of rainfall

Sprinkler Irrigation

application of water to the soil near the plant through small orifices.

Drip or trickle irrigation method