Cell Specialization and Plant Biology

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts related to cell specialization and plant biology.

Cell Specialization

The process where cells differentiate from generalized states into specific types with unique structures suited for particular functions.

Meristematic Cells

Undifferentiated cells capable of continuous cell division, responsible for primary and secondary growth.

Parenchyma Tissue

A simple permanent tissue composed of thin-walled, loosely packed cells, functioning in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, and wound repair.

Collenchyma Tissue

A type of simple tissue characterized by unevenly thickened walls, providing flexible support to young plant structures.

Sclerenchyma Tissue

A type of tissue characterized by thick, rigid walls heavily impregnated with lignin, providing strength and support to non-growing plant parts.

Xylem Tissue

A complex permanent tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, also providing structural support.

Phloem Tissue

A complex permanent tissue that transports sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Apical Meristem

Found at tips of roots and shoots, responsible for primary growth (increase in length).

Intercalary Meristem

Located at the base of nodes/leaves, allowing for regrowth after cutting.

Dermal Tissue

Protects plants against environmental stressors and facilitates gas exchange through specialized cells.

Plant Organ Systems

Groups of organs, such as root and shoot systems, working together to support life in plants.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light into energy using chlorophyll, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Modified Structures

Special adaptations like bulbs and thorns in plants serving crucial functions for survival.

Pollination Process

The transfer of pollen from male to female flower parts, supporting seed formation and genetic diversity.

Cell Division

The process crucial for growth and development in plants, involving the elongation and differentiation of cells.