biodiversity

Biodiversity

all these species are the product of millions of years evolution as organisms adapt to changing circumstances

genetic diversity

means having different genes in a species. It helps the species survive changes in the environment, more the chances of survival and reproduction, and makes it less likely for diseases or problems to spread.

species diversity

having different kinds of animals and plants in an area. It helps nature stay healthy and balanced

ecosystem diversity

ecosystem diversity is the variety of ecosystems. Each one offers different benefits, and having many types of ecosystems helps support more species overall.

taxonomy

is the science of naming, identifying and classifying species

prokaryote

have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

eukaryote

has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

autotroph

an organism that makes its own food (usually using sunlight through photosynthesis)

heterotroph

an organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms to get energy.

unicellular

means made of only one cell

multicellular

made of many cells that work together

importance of biodiversity

it keeps species strong and healthy by giving them traits to survive

it helps ecosystems stay balanced and work properly

it gives humans by providing food, medicines, clean air, and water that we need to live.

the name of the scientist that proposed the system of classification and binomial nomencalture used today

carl linnaeus proposed a system for classifying organisms and a system for naming them.

what’s the taxon in order

Domain (dear)

kingdom (king)

phylum (phlip)

class (came)

order (over)

family (for)

genius (good)

species (soup)

meaning of binomial nomenclature

binomial nomenclature- two names- for naming species of organisms in latin.

how is this system used to name organisms?

the first part of the name is referred to as the genus, the second part is the species.

example: Homo sapiens

rules for binomial nomenclature

• capitalize the genus name

• lower case the species name

• use italics when typing and underline the name when writing it out

describe the 6 kingdoms

1. Archaebacteria

• unicellular

• prokaryotic (cells have no nucleus or organelles)

• lives in extreme environments

• can be autotrophic or heterotrophic

• has a cell wall

example: Thermophiles

2. Eubacteria

• unicellular

• prokaryotic

• can be autotrophic or heterotrophic

• has a cell wall

example: E.coli

3. Protista

• mostly aquatic unicellular

• with or without a cell wall

• heterotrophic or autotrophic

• Eukaryotic

example: Amoeba

4. Fungi

• multicellular

• has a cell wall

• heterotrophs

• eukaryotic

example: mold

5. Plantae

   • multicellular

   • has a cell wall

   • eukaryotic

   • autorophic

example: flowers

6. animalia

• multicellular

• without a cell wall

• hetrotrophs

• eukaryotic

example: dogs

recognize the following protists: paramecium, amoeba, algae

• all eukaryotes (has a nucleus)

• mostly unicellular

• live in water or moist places

paramecium- swims using cilia and eats small particles

Amoeba- changes shapes to move and eat

Algae- can make their own food (photosynthesis)

recognize the following fungi: mushroom, mould, yeast

• all eukaryotic

• heterotrophs (absorb nutrients from dead or decaying things)

• reproduce using spores

mushroom: the fungus we see above the ground

mould: fuzzy fungi that grow on old bread or damp walls

Yeast: tiny, single-celled fungi used in baking (eats sugars and makes carbon dioxide)

describe monocots

• flowers have 3 floral parts (or multiple thereof)

• leaves are narrow with parallel veins

• vascular bundles small and spread throughout stem

• Fibrous roots (multiple thin roots spread out)

• pollen grains have one pore or furrow

• seeds have one cotyledon

describe dicots

• flowers have four or five floral parts

• leaves are oval or palmate with net-like veins

• vascular bundles arranged in a ring around the stem

• tap roots (one large main root)

• pollen grains have 3 pores or furrows

• seeds have two cotyledons

recognize the following animals as members of their phylum: sponge, jellyfish, tapeworm, earthworm, octopus, spider, beetle, frog

phylum platyhelminthes - tapeworm

phylum porifera- sponge

phylum cnideria - jellyfish

phylum annelida- earthworm

phylum mollusca- octopus

phylum arthropoda- spider

phylum arthropoda- beetle

class Amphibia- frog

describe the different classes of the phylum chordata

class Agnatha

• skeleton: made of cartilage

• jaws: no jaw

• Respiration: gills

• reproduction: eggs laid in water

• temperature: Ectothermic (cold-blooded)

class chondrichthyes

• skeleton: cartilage

• jaws: yes

• respiration: gills

• reproduction: eggs, that for most species, develop inside the mother

• ectothermic (cold blooded)

class osteichthyes

• skeleton: bone

• jaws: yes

• respiration: gills

• temperature: ectothermic

class amphibia

• skeleton: bone

• jaws: yes

• respiration: lungs in adults but gills in early life stages

• reproduction: eggs that are laid in water

• ectothermic

class reptilia

• skeleton: bone

• jaws: yes

• respiration: lungs

• reproduction: eggs that are laid onn land- eggs have a soft, leathery, waterproof shell

• ecthothermic

class aves

• Skeleton: bone

• jaw: beak

• respiration: lungs with air sacs

• reproduction: by eggs laid on land

• endothermic (warm blooded)

class mammalia

• skeleton: bone

• jaws: yes

• respiration: lungs

• reproduction: give birth live

• endothermic