Bias and Validity in Research

These flashcards cover key concepts related to bias, validity, and research methodology as discussed in the lecture.

Bias

A strong, preconceived notion of someone or something based on information we have, perceive to have, or lack.

Subjective Thinking

Thinking that is influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

Mitigate Bias

To learn different ways to reduce or diminish bias in thinking or decision-making.

Sample Bias

A bias that occurs when a sample does not accurately represent the population it's drawn from.

Internal Validity

How well a study is conducted, ensuring conclusions are warranted and confounding variables are controlled.

External Validity

The degree to which findings from a study can be generalized to real-world situations and other contexts.

Representative Sample

A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.

Optimism and Skepticism

Allowing oneself to hold both hopeful and questioning attitudes towards claims or data.