MIL Midterm

Text

Any text that is electronic or digital, and can be found on computers, phones, or the internet. Digital texts can include written text, images, videos, sounds, hyperlinks, and other interactive elements.

Hypertext

A non-linear way of presenting information Creates "links" between information. Text is displayed on a computer or other electronic device and is linked to other documents or resources

Plain Text

is a simple form of digital text that consists only of characters like letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and spaces. It lacks any formatting features, such as font styles, sizes, or colors, and does not include graphical elements.

Formatted text

includes styling elements beyond basic content, such as colors, bold and italic text, font sizes, and special features like hyperlinks. These elements enhance the appearance, organization, and usability of the text.

Typeface

is a set of fonts (a collection of letters) designed to work well together. Refers to the representation or style of a text in the digital format

Serif

is a small line or stroke that's attached to the end of a larger stroke in a letter or symbol. -Connotes formality and readability in large amount of text.

Old-style

typefaces originated between the late 15th and mid-18th centuries. Curved glyphs can characterize with the axis inclined to the left, minimal contrast between thick-and-thin strokes, angled head serifs (curves at the top of a letter), and bracketed serifs. Some typefaces contain an e with a diagonal cross stroke.

Transitional

Typefaces in this category represent 18th-century design transitioning from old to modern.

Modern

Typefaces in this category originated in the 18th century, transitioning between old style and modern design.

Slab Serif

is a type of typeface with thick, blocky serifs that give the font a sturdy, dramatic appearance.

Glyphic

serifs include triangular serifs or flared stroke ends that resemble characters engraved into metal or stone rather than hand-drawn letterforms. Among other typeface attributes, there is low weight contrast between thin and thick strokes and the vertical axis of curved strokes.

Sans Serif

gothic, or simply sans letterform is one that does not have extending features called "serifs" at the end of strokes.

Grotesque

is the first popular sans serif typeface. It has a thinner-than-normal stroke weight and squared curves on some letters, such as in the capital G. The single letter g also had two bowls to it at one point. Later versions of this font type removed these features from its design.

Neo-Grotesque

is a refined, modern style of sans serif typeface that evolved from the grotesque style of the 19th century.

Geometric

are typefaces based on geometric shapes, like circles and squares, and are characterized by their clean, modern design.

Humanistic

attempt to improve the readability of sans serif typeface designs. They blend their structure with classical Roman form, proportions of Roman capitals, and old-style lowercase with a calligraphic influence.

Script

is a style of font that imitates the look of handwriting or calligraphy, with flowing letterforms that often include flourishes and swashes. These are often used for decorative purposes, such as in branding, stationery, and poster design and wedding invitation cards or other formal events

Formal

Script typeface is excellent for movie titles, book covers, packaging design, etc.

Casual

Simple scripts look informal as written with a pen or brush. The strokes can be connected, and they tend to have a warm, friendly feel

Calligraphic

is a form of art that generally imitates the work of hand-drawn calligraphers. They mimic people's handwriting who use flat-tipped pens and brushes. Calligraphic type style often looks unclear, with irregular strokes.

Handwriting

typefaces are typographic interpretations of handwriting or hand printing. In some cases, these font types can be anything from a connected script to something more quirky and bouncy (and irregular).

Black letter

typefaces evolved from the earlier handwritten forms of traditional writings and illustrated manuscripts. This style went from writing to typesetting when used to set the Gutenberg Bible. A densely black texture characterizes blackletter-style fonts. They are highly decorated capitals with dramatic thick-to-thin strokes and serifs on their lowercase letters.

Intellectual Property

refers to creations of the mind. It can be an invention (patent / utility model), a design (industrial design), a brand name (trademark, or a literary and artistic work (copyright).

Copyright

protects literary and artistic works, such as books and other writings, musical works, films, paintings and other works, and computer programs.

Fair use

is a legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner.

Copyrights

is a legal right that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution. This protection is intended to encourage creativity and innovation by ensuring that creators can control and benefit from their works.

Related rights

often referred to as neighboring rights, are protections granted to individuals and organizations that contribute to the dissemination of copyrighted works but are not the original authors of those works. These rights recognize the contributions of performers, producers, and broadcasters.

Trademark

protect symbols, names, logos, or slogans that distinguish goods or services of one entity from those of others. Trademark rights can last indefinitely, as long as they are actively used and renewed.

Patent

grant exclusive rights to inventors for their inventions, which can include new products, processes, or improvements on existing technologies. The protection typically lasts for 20 years from the filing date, provided the patent is maintained through required fees.

Geographical Indication

These are signs used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation due to that origin.

Industrial Design

This aspect covers the aesthetic aspects of a product, such as its shape, color, texture, or materials. Protection for industrial designs typically lasts for 15 to 25 years, depending on the jurisdiction.

MOOCs

• are online courses available for anyone to enroll.

• It provides an affordable and flexible way to learn new skills, advance your career and deliver quality educational experiences at scale. 

 

2008

The term “Massive Open Online Courses” was coined by Dave Cormier and Bryan Alexander. The first MOOC was the course Connectivism and Connective Knowledge, designed by George Siemens and Stephen Downes. 

2011

Stanford University's artificial intelligence (AI) course became a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and gained significant public attention.

2012

There was a surge of interest in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), which led to the term "year of the MOOC" being coined by The New York Times. Some universities began launching their own MOOC platforms.

2013

The first MOOC in the Philippines was offered by the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU). UPOU provides various MOOCs in fields such as education, environmental management, development studies, and more.

2021

Pandemic restrictions caused a surge in demand for online courses. MOOCs reached 220 million learners and 19.4 thousand courses in 2021. 40 million new learners signed up for at least one MOOC in 2021.

Media and Information

Refers to the tools, platforms, and content that help us communicate, share knowledge, and stay informed. These include newspapers, TV, social media, websites, books, and other channels used to spread and access information.

Personal/Professional

Shape how we communicate with others, share ideas, and even how we work or present ourselves in jobs. Communication has been made easier. Information has become widely accessible. Conducting research has become more convenient.

Political

The media serve the government by informing the public about subject they need or they want The public is informed of the political affairs in the country and are further encouraged to take a more active role in the government

Economic

Media helps businesses advertise, sell products, and share knowledge about markets. The new media's open content contribution nature enabled citizens to contribute their resources for free, or at a cost, to the wider community.

Education

Media and information improve access to knowledge, facilitate learning, and expand educational opportunities. The improvement in the learning environment brought by media and information goes beyond convenience, availability, and cost. Media and Information have cleansed society’s palate and have reinvented learning as a whole.

Social

Social interactions are increasingly mediated by platforms, influencing relationships, culture, and societal norms. Individuals who are literate in media and information are considered more cohesive social units, contributing to a holistic development of society.

People Media

REFERS TO THE PERSONS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE USE, ANALYSIS, EVALUATION AND PRODUCTION OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Opinion Leaders

-HIGHLY EXPOSED TO AND ACTIVELY USING MEDIA

-SOURCE OF VIABLE INTERPRETATION OF MESSAGES FOR LOWER-END MEDIA USERS

-OPINIONS ARE ACCEPTED BY A GROUP

THE TWO-STEP FLOW COMMUNICATION MODEL

(1944) PAUL LAZARSFELD, BERNARDBERELSON,AND HAZEL GAUDET

Citizen Journalism

PEOPLE WITHOUT PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM TRAINING CAN USE THE TOOLS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET TO CREATE, AUGMENT OR FACT CHECK MEDIA ON THEIR OWN OR IN COLLABORATION WITH OTHERS

Social Journalism

JOURNALISTS ARE USING SOCIAL MEDIA TO MAKE THEIR CONTENT AVAILABLE TO MORE PEOPLE.

Crowdsourcing

THE PRACTICE OF OBTAINING NEEDEDSERVICES, IDEAS, OR CONTENT BY SOLICITING CONTRIBUTIONS FROM A LARGE GROUP OF PEOPLE AND ESPECIALLY FROM THE ONLINE COMMUNITY…

People in Media

media practitioners provide information coming from their expert knowledge or first- hand experience of events

Print Journalist

These are people who underwent training in journalism writing. Equipped with the fundamental and significant knowledge and strategies in writing news and stories based from real events in the community; written for the people in the community. They generally report in newspaper and magazine.

Photo Journalist

They are physically and emotionally attached to their high-end cameras which they use to capture important scenes and events from the surroundings which carry with it stories that give impact to the society as a whole.

Broadcast Journalist

They are who we often see on television, giving us updates on the local, national and world events. They are skilled not just in journalism but also in public speaking.

Multimedia Journalist

They are the ones who have abilities in accessing, evaluating and producing information using several forms of media. Mostly, they make use of social networking sites to connect to the masses for easy and wider dissemination of their reliable news stories.