What Moves Us: The Musculoskeletal System

what is the prefix co- mean?

with

what is the prefix com mean?

together

what is the prefix con- mean?

jointly

what is the prefix contra - stand for?

against, or contrary to

what is the prefix ipsi- stand for?

same

what is the prefix my0-, my- stand for?

relates to muscle tissue

what is the prefix sarco- stand for?

relates to flesh

when muscle fibers grow larger (thicker and stronger) in response to repeated stress, it is called?

Hypertrophy

what maintains posture, keeps muscles ready to move, keeps you balanced and is all controlled automatically by your nerves even when relaxed?

Motor Tone

when a tendon (the tough cord that attaches muscle to bone) becomes inflamed or irritated

Tendonitis

What causes :

It usually causes pain, swelling, and tenderness around a joint.

• Common in shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles.

• Often happens from overuse, repetitive movement, or sudden injury.

Tendonitis

Tendinopathy encompasses all tendon issues including, but not limited to……

Tendonitis

what is a general term for any issue with the tendon

Tendinopathy

a protein that forms thin filaments inside muscle cells

Actin

a protein that forms thick filaments inside muscle cells

Myosin

what filament inside the muscle acts as a track for myosin to pull on?

Actin

What filament is this?

• Provides a track for myosin to pull on.

• Plays the main role in muscle contraction by sliding past myosin.

• Helps maintain cell shape and structure.

Actin

What filament is this?

• Acts like a motor.

• Uses energy (ATP) to grab and pull on actin.

• Creates the actual force for contraction.

Myosin

What do these characteristics describe:

responds to stimulus from nervous system

shortens when stimulated ( contracts)

can lengthen ( extensible)

can recoil ( elastic)

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

what is it called when a muscle shortens

contracts

muscle that can lengthen is considered….

extensible

a muscle that recoils is considered

elastic

What Functions does this describe:

1. (Movement) when shortens pulls on bones

2. Posture - holds up skeleton against gravity

3. Joint stabilization - maintain alignment of joints

4. Heat Production - ATP breakdown release heat

Muscle Tissue

The deeper the muscle the more it acts as a

stabalizer

Larger muscles are primarily used for

movement

In a muscle structure, the outer most layer of fascia is called

Epimysium

A bundle of muscle fibers is called

fascicle

the fascia surrounding a fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers) is known as

Perimysium

what is the fascia called that surrounds an individual muscles fiber, rather than the Perimysium that surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers (fascicle)

Endomysium

A muscle fiber is also known as a

muscle cell

what is the cell membrane of a muscle fiber called

Sarcolemma

what does sarco - stand for ?

flesh

what are the cylindrical organelle that runs the length of a muscle fiber called?

Myofibril

what strands of proteins contain actin and myosin?

Myofilaments

what is fascia also called when it is wrapped around a muscle? ( not in reference to epimysium)

Myofascial

What are the 3 deep layers of fascia called?

Endomysium, perimysium, epimyiusum

What are the 3 ways cells and fibers are arranged?

Organized, disorganized, transitional zones

Cells and fibers are aligned in a clear, functional pattern, what is this called?

Organized

Fibers or cells are scattered, irregular, or not following a uniform pattern, what is this called?

Disorganized

A middle state where tissue is moving from disorganized toward organized (or vice versa), is called?

Transitional Zone

Nerve says “Go!” → Spark → Calcium unlocks → Myosin pulls Actin → Muscle shortens, this happens when a …..

Muscle Contracts

Order these correctly

1. ACh makes tiny sodium gates on the muscle cell open, Sodium rushes in → the muscle cell gets its own electric spark.

2. Calcium acts like a key. It moves a “cover” (tropomyosin) away and shows the handles on actin where myosin can grab.

3. The spark travels along the muscle surface and into little tubes (T-tubules).This makes the calcium stores inside the muscle open up.

4. The Nerve Tells the Muscle to Move,

5. nerve releases a chemical called ACh to “talk” to the muscle,

6. Muscle Contracts

7. Myosin (thick filament) uses energy from ATP to grab and pull on actin (thin filament).This pulling makes the muscle fibers slide past each other.

1. The Nerve Tells the Muscle to Move,

2. nerve releases a chemical called ACh to “talk” to the muscle,

3. ACh makes tiny sodium gates on the muscle cell open, Sodium rushes in → the muscle cell gets its own electric spark.

4. The spark travels along the muscle surface and into little tubes (T-tubules).This makes the calcium stores inside the muscle open up.

5. Calcium acts like a key. It moves a “cover” (tropomyosin) away and shows the handles on actin where myosin can grab.

6. Myosin (thick filament) uses energy from ATP to grab and pull on actin (thin filament).This pulling makes the muscle fibers slide past each other.

7. Muscle Contracts

In relation to the chemical reaction behind a muscle contraction,

Myosin (thick filament) uses energy from ———- to grab and pull on actin (thin filament).This pulling makes the muscle fibers slide past each other.

ATP

In relation to the chemical reaction behind a muscle contraction,

nerve releases a chemical called ———- to “talk” to the muscle

1. ACh

The spark travels along the muscle surface and into little ——-This makes the calcium stores inside the muscle open up.

T-tubicles

______(thick filament) uses energy from ATP to grab and pull on _____ (thin filament).This pulling makes the muscle fibers slide past each other

Myosin, Actin

motor unit =

motor neuron

What are the 3 types of energy used in muscle contraction?

1. Anaerobic

2. Aerobic

3. Phosphorylation

what energy type in muscle contractions creates short bursts of energy?

Phosphorylation

what energy type in muscle contractions creates more energy but doesn’t require oxygen?

Anaerobic Metabolism

what energy type in muscle contractions creates sustained effort, but requires a lot of oxygen?

Aerobic Metabolism

What are the 3 type of Muscle contractions?

Tonic, Isometric, Isotonic

What muscle contraction is postural, keeping a body upright without movement?

Tonic

What muscle contraction is a stronger level of contraction, without movement. (example, holding a heavy table)

Isometric

What muscle contraction is a strong contraction that creates movement

Isotonic

what contraction shortens the muscles?

Concentric

what contraction extends the msucle?

Eccentric

What are all of these classified as?

muscle strain

muscle cramp

muscle spasm

contractures

tendinopathy

Common Muscle Pathologies

order a muscle antatomy in order

epimysium , muscle, perimysium, fascicle, endomysium, muscle fiber, , sarcomere unit, myofilaments actin/myosin

what is a action potential?

nerve signal

what is a neuromuscular junction?

where nerve meets muscles

what is Acetylcholine (ACh)?

A chemical messenger

what is Sarcolemma?

cell membrane

when a muscle contracts, and a spark is created from the opening of sodium channels, the sodium travels through the muscle through ______

T-tubules

when a muscle contracts, and a spark is created, this signal releases what ______

Calcium

when a muscle contracts, calcium binds to _______, uncovering _______to allow myosin to attach and cause the muscle fibers to pull together using ATP.

troponin, actin

when a muscle contracts, ______ attaches to ______ to cause the muscle fibers to pull together using ______

myosin, actin, ATP