Science bowl: Life science-Body systems pt.2

Excretory system

remove wastes that are produced by cell activities

Urinary system

is a part of the excretory system and is a primary way to remove cell waste

Urinary system

made up of kidneys,urinary bladder,ureters,urethra

1.Kidneys

Blood that enters through this go through millions of tiny filters called nephrons

2.Urine

Liquid waste that is carried by blood is collected into this

3.Ureters

moves out of the kidney into the urinary bladder through long tubes called this

4.Urinary Bladder

stores urine until it exits the body

5.Urethra

Urine leaves the body through here

Respiratory system

is in charge of your breathing oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

Respiratory system stages

Nostrils/mouth>nasal passages>trachea>Bronchi

Lung tissue

Made of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoil

Diaphragm

Expands and contracts the rib cage causing you to inhale or exhale

Circulatory system

Transports needed substances throughout body

Blood

a tissue made up of cells and parts that are carried in a liquid called

Red blood Cells

specialized to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

White blood cells

fights diseases

platelets

Helps your blood clot when an injury occurs

plasma

carries blood cells,platelets, and dissolved food and proteins

Heart

pumps blood throughout body

arteries

divides into blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

capillaries

valuable nutrients in blood are exchanged between ___________ and cells

veins

a system of blood vessels that carry blood and carbon dioxide

Nervous system

controls body’s activities and responds to changes in environment

central nervous system

made of brain and spinal cord

brain

has 3 distinct parts that each have a different function

cerebrum

control center of thoughts and voluntary actions

Cerebrum

has 2 halves/hemispheres

left=language and logical thinking

right=imagination and creativity

brain stem

controls repeated processes like breathing.Helps with balance and coordination

Spinal cord

a bundle of nerves that controls reflexes

neurons

has a cytoplasm,nucleus,and a long arm called axon and dendrites

endocrine system

regulates body activities by producing chemical messengers in glands

Hormones

the name of the endocrine system’s chemical messengers

Glands of the Endocrine system

Ptuitary,thyroid,parathyrois,thymus,adrenals,pancreas,ovaries,testes

pituitary

• releases hormones that control other glands

• releases growth hormone

• controls ovaries in females and testes in males

thyroid

• regulates metabolism

• causes bones to store calcium

Parathyroids

• maintain calcium balance in blood

Thymus

• Allows body to make white blood cells

Adrenals

• Prepare bodies for emergencies

• regulates blood pressure

• regulates metabolism

• controls salt and water balance

Pancreas

• Regulats blood sugar levels

Ovaries(females)

• Affect female traits

Testes(males)

• Affect male traits

adrenal glands

makes epinephrine

Epinephrine

a hormone that is released when frightened or angry to increase heart rate

Steroids

hormones that affect metabolism and stimulates protein production in tissues

Pancreas

produces 2 hormones that works oppositely to balance blood sugar levels

Insulin

lowers blood sugar levels

glucagon

increases blood sugar levels