Music 17 UCSD midterm

Soundsystem

Was mobile dj system and was the primary method of musical social interaction in Jamaica form the 1950's until the 1980's.

Dub Music

one is taking a song and making sound more like the environment - in other words, making it sound more like life feels. arranged and altered parts of the remaining "version" using technological effects that he invented himself. This was known as a "dub version" because many of the effects were added live by playing the recording from one tape player through an effect unit as another tape player records it - "dubbing"

version

version- differences in the records

Toasting

spontaneous commentary to music by Jamaican DJs that creatively involved rhyming, interesting verbal sounds, the use of different dialects and nonsense syllables.

King Tubby

- sound engineer, who started remixing existing Jamaican reggae recordings

-Removed the vocals for MCs to rap

-Added delay and reverb.

- primary pioneers of dub

- produced"King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown"

Lee "Scratch" Perry

Born in 1936, began career with Coxsone Dodd's popular soundsystem and by the late 1960's was becoming well known as a Rocksteady singer.became an operator in various Kingston recording studios in order to record his own material and built his own studio - the extremely influential Black Ark - in 1973

U-Roy

DJ as a recording artist

"Wake The Town"

Music Producer

has a very broad role in overseeing and managing the recording and production of a band or performer's music

The Bronx

a borough of New York City, north of Manhattan

Disco

A late 1970s style incorporating elements of pop, salsa, funk and soaring vocals into a club-focused dance experience.

the Gang Peace

Kool Herc

Pioneering hip-hop DJ who first adapted the technique of "mixing" between two turntables to the hip-hop aesthetic.

James Brown

Godfather of Soul

Breakbeat

In dance music where the beat stops. Literally where there is a break in the beat

Breakdancing

Acrobatic solo dancing improvised by the young "B-boys" who attended hip-hop dances.

DJ

disc jockey

MC

The term MC (Also spelled Emcee) stands for master of ceremonies but has been adopted by hip hop culture as a term to describe a rapper who acts as a crowd pleaser at live events.

Graffiti

words or drawings scratched or scribbled on a wall

Grandmaster Flash

DJ was still alive in live settings, however, and despite his earlier misgivings about recording recorded "Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" in 1981 - the first studio recording of turntablism and one that still holds as a pinnacle of the practice. As you listen take note of the fact that many of the song sources that he is using - the vinyl albums - are ones that we have already heard in the course of this class and that have some kind of significance in Hip Hop culture.

Crossfader

The lever on a lighting control console that simultaneously dims all the channels from one cut to the next.

HipHop

The culture of which rap is simply a part. Initially had four main elements: emceeing (rapping), break dancing, graffiti art, and dj'ing.

Sugar Hill Records

The first rap label, based in New York. The Sugar Hill Gang's "Rapper's Delight" was the first successful rap single.

Good Times

authenticity

Ramellzee

Blondie

Many musicians attended these parties and it is ironically via here - the wealthy art scene of lower Manhattan - that Hip Hop first entered the dominant mainstream culture of America . The song widely recognized as the first "rap" hit - the first song on the mainstream charts of America - was "Rapture" by arty new wave band Blondie in 1980.

Rap Battle

The new emphasis on rapping in the mainstream which ignored the other elements of His Hop, particularly the idea of the DJ as the dominant figure, saw the rise of the "Rap Battle",

Kool Moe Dee

Busy Bee Starski vs. Kool Moe Dee at Harlem World in 1981.

Busy Bee

The new emphasis on rapping in the mainstream which ignored the other elements of His Hop, particularly the idea of the DJ as the dominant figure, saw the rise of the "Rap Battle", and below is the most famous of them - Busy Bee Starski vs. Kool Moe Dee at Harlem World in 1981.

Universal Zulu Nation

Afrika Bambaataa

Born in 1957, was a leader of the notorious Black Spades gang which was rumoured to have been involved in the death of Black Benjie.

In the mid-1970s, he restyled himself as an afrofuturistic guru and renamed his gang "The Universal Zulu nation."

Drum Machine

Melle Mel

Sampling (mucicc)

using soundbytes from other songs and using them in different ways

Ultimate Breaks and Beats

Chopping

The creation of new beats and musical elements using multiple short samples -- "chopping"

Queensbridge Houses

Marley Marl

The Bridge Wars

The Bridge Wars - one of the great Hip Hop rivalries Began in 1986 with the release of "The Bridge". Residents of the Bronx took offense to MC Shan's boasting, viewing it as an attempt to appropriate Hip Hop as a product of the Queensbridge Houses and a back-and forth release of dis records continued until the early '90s.The two primary antagonists were Marley Marl's Juice Crew and the Bronx's Boogie Down Productions.

Ced Gee

Def Jam

"Def Jam is the ultimate suburban record label,"wrote music critic Frank Owen in one of the earliest articles on Public Enemy. He argued that Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin were creating "the first Black music that hasn't had to dress itself up in showbiz glamour and upwardly mobile mores in order to succeed." They were leading the battle "against gentrification of Black music." Significantly, Simmons, Run DMC and LL Cool J were from home-owning Queens, and Rubin, Original Concept and Public Enemy were from "the well-to-do beach communities of Long Island" - Jeff Chang

Rick Rubin

-rick rubin and Russell simmons thought that hip hop was wrong in their ways and crated their own record company to show more blackness in hip hop

Russel Simmons

-rick rubin and Russell simmons thought that hip hop was wrong in their ways and crated their own record company to show more blackness in hip hop

Long Island

As Hip Hop moved into the so-called "Black Belt" of Long Island new influences began to take root.

Alongside the philosophies of Stokely Carmichael and Clarence 13x (who we will look at in a later class), these suburban fans were now influenced by the poetry of the Black Arts movement due to parents who we either interested in it in the 1960s or, in some cases, were active participants.

The Bomb Squad

Ice Cube (with Chuck D) - Tales From The Darkside (1989)

-went to the east coast with bombsquad - dense texture - more provocative and political

Jazz

After gaining recognition as a DJ in Long Island, he joined the group Stetsasonic as both DJ and producer alongside Daddy-O. His productions are marked by fluid jazz samples, his skill in arranging diverse elements, and his quirky sense of humour.

Signifyin(g)

"Just like the Dozens before it, rap draws its strength from shattering taboos, sending up stereotype, and relishing risqué language and subject matter." - Henry Louis Gates

Henry Louis Gates

"Just like the Dozens before it, rap draws its strength from shattering taboos, sending up stereotype

The Dozens

"You think I'm going to go get Eazy-E and hang him from a tree and burn him ? All I have to live and go for ? You think that when they catch me they're going to **** me with a broomstick ? Those are the dozens, man."

Richard Pryor

Without the same kinds of censorship that was applied to "polite" society, a ribald, provocative, and highly political style of comedy flourished and by the mid-1960s groundbreaking comedians such as Redd Foxx and Richard Pryor began making records, distributed in semi-underground channels, that became popular amongst teenagers who would normally be too young to attend live performances.

Iceberg Slim

Iceberg Slim was a genuine pimp -- someone who acted as a kind of middleman for prostitutes -- who became an author in the mid-1960s with his semi-autobiographical novel "Pimp" and continued to write into the 1980s. His bleak crime fiction was extremely popular with African-American audiences, selling millions of copies, and inspired many young aspiring rappers, particularly in California, including Ice-T who took his stage name as a tribute to the influence of Slim.

Gansgta Rap

from "Pimp" and note the thematic and textual similarity between this recording and elements that we associate with "Gangsta Rap" including dispassionate descriptions of criminality and casual misogyny.

Batterram

Large police vehicles that used to ram into houses and businesses in LA

Operation Hammer

Crime rates rose with the crack in the 80's

Toddy Tee - Batterram (1985) - smash walls of homes (batterram)

War strategies in los Angeles

Heavy militarized vehicles in la, helicopter

Confined to south central los angles

Anxiety and anamoncity building up - police brutality

Rappers begin to rap about

Ruthless Records

Ruthless Records is an American record label, founded by music manager Jerry Heller and gangsta rapper Eazy-E in Eazy's hometown of Compton, California in 1986.

Priority Records

largest US independent label (after releasing Ice-T's Cop Killer)

P-Funk

short for "pure funk," a style pioneered by George Clinton, whose lyrics promoted Black self-determination and liberation

George Clinton

(born July 22, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and record producer.[5] His Parliament-Funkadelic collective (which primarily recorded under the distinct band names Parliament and Funkadelic) developed an influential and eclectic form of funk music during the 1970s that drew on science fiction, outlandish fashion, psychedelic culture, and surreal humor.[6

synthesizer

instrument which puts sounds together like real musical instruments

Willie Horton

Against a backdrop of racial hysteria in America brought on in part by the crack epidemic and in part by America's long-standing attitudes towards African-Americans, George H.W. Bush's presidential campaign ran TV ads against challenger Michael Dukakis that focused on convicted murderer Willie Horton as part of a strategy to characterize him as "soft on crime".

Compton

CIty where NWA started. South central LA

D.O.C

Tracy Lynn Curry (born June 10, 1968), better known by his stage name The D.O.C., is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer. In addition to a solo career, he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A-where he co-wrote many of their releases-as well as Eazy-E's solo debut album Eazy-Duz-It. He has also worked with Dr. Dre, co-writing his solo debut album, while Dre produced Curry's solo debut album, released by Ruthless Records. He was one of the founders of Death Row Records along with Dr. Dre and Suge Knight.

Death Row Records

-Suge Knight

-Signed Snoop Dogg and Dr.Dre

-West Coast

was an American record label founded in 1991 by Suge Knight, Dr. Dre, The D.O.C. and Dick Griffey.

L.A. Riots (L.A. Uprising)

The 1992 Los Angeles riots were civil disturbances that occurred in April and May 1992. Unrest began in South Central Los Angeles on April 29, after a trial jury acquitted four officers of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) for usage of excessive force in the arrest and beating of Rodney King, which had been videotaped and widely viewed

G-Funk

Dr. Dre & Suge Knight create Death Row Records

G-FUNK: Coined by Dr. Dre on his 1992 release The Chronic

SOUND: piercing synthesizers, slow grooves, deep bass, and, occasionally, faceless backing deep-vocals

laid-back

Afrocentrism

-imagining that Europeans didn't interfere - achievement of own history without oppression

Nation of Gods and Earths

Philosophy based on curiosity

Bible had rymes and look for them

Complicated ryms true meaning of the text

-supreme understanding

-supreme mathematics

-supreme alphabet

5%er

"During the period where the gangs I hung with in the '70s gave way to Hip Hop culture in the '80s, it was the street language, style and consciousness of the Five Percent Nation that served as the bridge. " - Russell Simmons

Supreme Knowledge

The nation of Gods and earth how the bible has ryhms and meanings that might accure supreme knowledge

Fair Use Doctrine

Censorship

PMRC

Explicit Lyrics Warning Label