Community Corrections

What are Intermediate Sanctions?

sentencing options between prison and probation that provide more freedom than
prison but less freedom than traditional probation

What are some examples of Intermediate Sanctions?

Halfway houses, work release programs, correctional boot camps

Which state was the first to use Halfway Houses

They date back to england in the 1800s in england and the first one was established in new york.

What are Halfway Houses?

Transitional living facilities for individuals released from prison, assisting them in reintegrating into society.

What are the requirements to live in a halfway house

Individuals typically must be post-incarceration, have no pending charges, adhere to house rules, and participate in rehabilitation programs.

Client managers

Security-oriented

Case Managers

treatment and rehabilitation

What is shock incarceration?

Short period of incarceration followed by a term of supervised probation

-shock probation

-shock parole

-intermittent imprisonment

-split sentence

what was the first state to use boot camp programs

Georgia and Oklahoma in 1983

Elgibility for a person to be considered for boot camp programs

Typically includes non-violent offenders, a willingness to participate, and meeting specific health and age criteria.

What are Restitution Centers?

Targeted for work-capable offenders who owe victim restitution. aka work jobs to pay back victims, court fees, and other costs of their sentence.

Whats the primary focus of a Restitution Center?

To facilitate repayment of victim restitution and related costs through employment.

What is the John Craine house case study

Indiana- it is an example of an RCCF that allows women offenders to live with their children

What is a RCCF?

A Residential Community Corrections Facility that provides housing and support for offenders as they reintegrate into society.

What is House Arrests?

A court-ordered restriction where offenders remain in their homes instead of serving time in jail, often monitored electronically.

-can be used for defendants who cannot make bail

-condition of probation

T/F Is electronic monitoring accompanied with house arrests?

True

What is the length of the averge DRC sentence?

6 months

What are work release programs?

Program in which offenders who reside in a facility are released into a community solely to work and or attend education classes.

-controls institutional crowding

-provides an offender with employment

-eligibility varies

What are criticisms of house arrests?

-It does not seem to be a punishment for offenders

-violates the constitutional rights to privacy, especially ones occupied by family members

-incidences such as domestic violence may erupt due to increased isolation

-discipline is needed to comply with house arrest, making it unsuitable for many offenders.

Which individuals are most successful with house arrest?

Those with stable homes, family support, and employment.

-First-time or low risk offenders

T/F Offenders are twice as likely as regular parolees to have their parole revoked for a technical violation

True

Which states were the first to develop DRCs(Day reporting centers)

Connecticut and Massachusetts

What is Electronic Monitoring(EM)?

is a correctional technology used in intensive supervision probation, specialized parole, DRCs, and house arrest.

T/F Is Electronic Monitoring used for defendants who have not been convicted?

True

Who developed electronic monitoring technology?

Robert Schwitzgebel at the University of California in the 1960s

What were some problems with early electronic monitoring?

-required offenders to have a landline telephone which werent easily accessible in the past.

-Home bound EM systems werent able to track offenders once they left home.

-There was no way to confirm offender verification

-certain areas in the home could not receive transmissions.

What is an Inclusion Zone?

Where the offenders place of employment, school, and other approved activities where the offender is allowed.

What is an Exclusion Zone?

the residence and workplace of an identified victim or areas where the offender is prohibited from entering.

Radio Vs. GPS

Radio refers to traditional home monitoring with limited range and GPS involves satellite tracking for wider coverage.

What is an Active GPS?

Systems transmits real time data through wireless networks like a cell phone.

What is Passive GPS?

daytime tracking data is temporarily stored and downloaded at night through a land-line phone while the offender is sleeping.

What are Day reporting centers?(DRCs)

are structured programs that individuals under community supervision attend daily for check-ins, counseling, drug testing, and rehabilitation services.

What is the cost of GPS?

cost of GPS decrease and cell phone services are improved rural areas.

Limitations of GPS

-Loss of signal in rural areas, and dead spots

-Short Battery Life

-Easily removable with tools

How long should an offender be under EM or GPS?

6 months

Inclusive zones for sex offenders

-their home

-workplaces

-treatment and counseling centers

-probation/parole officers

Drawbacks of using GPS tech

Challenges in accuracy, privacy concerns, and potential for tampering.

Exclusive zones for sex offenders

-Schools

-Playgrounds

-places where children gather

-sometimes neighborhoods or cities.