Animal Diversity - Vertebrates

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Vocabulary flashcards related to animal diversity, specifically vertebrates.

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26 Terms

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Chordates

Organisms with a notochord, a nerve cord, and slits in their throat area at some point in their lives.

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Vertebrate

Animal with a backbone that is part of an endoskeleton, which supports the body, protects organs, and gives muscles a place to attach.

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Ectotherm

Animal whose body does NOT produce much internal heat (e.g., fishes, amphibians, and reptiles).

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Endotherm

Animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat.

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Fish

Ectotherms that live in water, have fins, and obtain oxygen through gills; many have scales.

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Jawless Fish

Fish that have no jaws or scales with skeletons made of cartilage (e.g., lamprey & hagfish).

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Cartilaginous Fish

Fish having jaws and scales as well as skeletons made of cartilage (e.g., sharks, rays).

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Swim bladder

Organ in bony fish that is a gas-filled sac that helps them stay stable at different depths.

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Amphibians

Ectothermic vertebrate that spends early life in water and adulthood on land (e.g., salamanders, frogs, and toads).

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Metamorphosis

Process most amphibians undergo where legs and lungs develop for adult life.

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Reptiles

Ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin adapted to conserve water.

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Amniotic Eggs

Eggs with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo moist, characteristic of reptiles.

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Lizards and Snakes

Reptiles that have skin covered with overlapping scales; lizards have four legs, snakes have none.

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Alligators and Crocodiles

Large, carnivorous reptiles that care for their young.

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Turtles

Reptile whose body is covered by a protective shell that includes the ribs & backbone.

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Birds

Endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart; also lays eggs.

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Contour Feathers

Streamlined feathers that give birds shape and color.

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Down Feathers

Insulating layer under contour feathers on birds.

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Mammals

Endothermic vertebrates with a four-chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair.

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Mammary Glands

Organs in mother's body that produce milk to feed young mammals.

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Carnivores

Meat-eaters with sharp canines that tear flesh.

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Herbivores

Plant-eating mammals with incisors that cut and molars that grind.

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Omnivores

Eat both plants and animals using a variety of teeth.

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Monotremes

Egg-laying mammals that lack nipples (e.g., spiny anteater and duck-billed platypus).

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Marsupials

Mammals who give birth during early stage of development, then usually continue to develop in pouch on mother’s body.

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Placental mammals

Mammals that develop from embryo connected to a placenta by an umbilical cord; diverse group based on how they eat and move, as well as other characteristics.