Science Chapter 22 - The Sun, Moon, and Earth's System 7th Grade S2
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45 Terms
why is the sun special?
God created it for us
what are the purposes of the sun?
light, heat, tides, seasons, days, years
how much bigger is the sun than the earth?
109 times the diameter of the earth
how far away is the sun away from the earth?
150,000,000 km from the earth or 1 au
what is the distance from the earth and sun?
1 astronomical unit
what is the largest source of energy for the earth?
sun
what percentage of energy leaves the sun in a form of light or electromagnetic waves?
98%
what is the entire span of EM waves emitted by the sun?
the solar spectrum
what are wavelengths measured in?
nanometers
what does the visible spectrum contain?
visible light
how many nanometers does violet have? red?
390 and 700
what light is shorter than visible light and causes sunburn?
ultraviolet
what kind of light is longer than visible light, are x rays and gamma rays, and can be felt?
infrared
our visual system is most receptive to what color light?
yellow
what is the intensity of light waves emitted by the sun?
the sun's color
what layer of the sun contains at least 79 different elements?
spectroscope
what percentage of the spectroscope's sun mass is hydrogen and helium?
98%
where does nuclear fission take place?
core
what is the temperature of the sun's core?
millions of degrees
the sun's core releases vast amounts of what?
energy
which zone in the sun's core has enormous pressure and density?
radiative zone
what zone in the sun's core has many convection currents?
convective zone
what is the temperature of the photosphere?
4800-6000 degrees Celsius
what are piles of plasma that form on the surface of the sun?
granules
what does the photosphere have?
sunspots and solar flares
what are the 2 parts of the atmosphere?
chromosphere and corona
what does the atmosphere have?
solar wind
what is the upper part of the atmosphere?
corona
what is the lower part of the atmosphere?
chromosphere
what do astronomers use to observe the corona?
coronagraph
true or false. total eclipses are rare
true
how long do sunspots exist?
for days or weeks
are sunspots warmer or cooler than their surroundings?
cooler
what is the largest moon in relation to its planet and is a near perfect sphere?
earth's moon
what does the moon seem to have?
core, mantle, crust
what percentage of the moon is earth's mass?
1.2%
how much of the moon is earth's surface gravity?
1.6
true or false. the moon has almost no atmosphere
true
what two things are absent in the atmosphere of the moon?
nitrogen and oxygen
in the moon, there are trace amounts of what?
water vapor
the moon has a very weak what?
magnetic field
the moon has no definite what?
north and south pole
how big are the largest craters?
hundreds of kilometers wide
what are craters formed by?
meteroids and asteroids
lunar features seem to have remained unchanged for how long?
as long as man has been observing them