Biomedical Unit 1 Study Guide

Link Method

No set pattern

Not geometric

Investigators make up hinges as they go

Zone method

Used in houses - areas with a border

Splits areas into multiple spaces, do 1 at a time

Spiral method

Big open spaces, usually water

Starts in a specific areas

Two types - outwards→starts in the center, moves outwards and inwards →starts from an outside point and moves inwards

Line (strip) method

Used for large outdoors areas

Starts from a wall, goes out in 1 direction

Wheel or Ray method

Used on small, circular scenes

Starts from a critical point and moves outwards

Grid method

Used on large outdoor scenes

Starts in one point and goes in straight line usually formed a grid pattern

What are the 4 physiological responses during a polygraph test?

Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, skin conductivity

Trace evidence

Tiny fragments of physical evidence

Anagen

The hair grows

Cartagen

The follicle shrinks

Telegen

The hair sheds

Arch print

Arches slope upwards and then down

Tented arch print

Is similar to plain arch except the ridges in the center thrust upwards

Loop print

Forms when ridges curve back on themselves

Whorl

Forms circular or spiral patterns

Ridge ending

Fork

Short ridge

Dot

Bridge

Hook

Eye

Double fork

Delta

Triple fork

Human blood is composed of what 3 main types of cells and or fragments?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

What do red blood cells do? (Erythrocytes)

Carry oxygen

What do white blood cells do? (Leukocytes)

Helps fights diseases and infections

What do platelets do? (Thrombocytes)

Stops bleeding and heals wounds

What does plasma do?

Takes nutrients and proteins to the parts of the body that need it

Presumptive testing

The initial testing that suggests a sample may be blood

Leucocrystal violet

Reacts with hemoglobin and turns a violet color

Used on porous surfaces

Not the best test for the lab

Why is it important to have base polygraph results? (Heart rate etc..)

So you can see the difference in heart and respiration rate

Why is it important to have blood/finger print samples?

So you can figure out more specifically how it matches up to the suspects.

Luminal

Glows a bright blue in the dark when it comes in contact with blood

Not the best to use in the laboratory

Kastle-Meyer

Figures out if blood is real or fake

Blood will turn pink if real

Used in the lab

What antigens are present in type A blood?

Type A antigens

What antigens are present in type B blood?

Type B antigens

What antigens are present in type AB blood?

Type A and B antigens

What antigens are present in type O blood?

No antigens

What antibodies are presented in type A blood?

Anti-B

what type of antibodies are present in type B blood?

Anti-A

What antibodies are present in type AB blood?

No antibodies

What antibodies are present in type O blood?

Both Anti-A and anti-B

What is an agglutination test?

Determines what blood type is the blood sample

What method is best for a single victim in the middle of a large, flat desert?

The grid method → large, empty area

Which search method would most likely be used in a house?

The zone method

Why are polygraph results not always permissible in court?

Because some people can control their polygraph results better than other people

Why is it important that baseline measurements are taken during a polygraph test?

In order to see the differences and changes in the different rates

Which search method would be best used to search for evidence/bodies in a boat wreck in open water?

The outwards spiral method

What is agglutination?

When the blood clumps up because the antibodies attack the antigens/carohydrates

If blood does not agglutinate in the anti-A well, but does in the anti-B well, which blood type is present in the tray?

Type B

What system is responsible for eliminating waste from the body and regulating eater balance of blood?

Urinary system

What is the location in the crime scene where from which you take all measurements?

The critical point

If our scale was 1 foot = 1 cm and a piece of evidence was 12 feet away, how far would we draw the sketch?

12 cm

What happens physiologically (inside the body) to result in death is?

The heart stops

What are sources of DNA that can be collected from a crime scene and used as potential means for identifying a person of interest in a crime?

Blood, hair, and fingerprints