Bio Chapter 8

studied byStudied by 40 people
5.0(3)
Get a hint
Hint

Griffith

1 / 45

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Also closely study the steps of replication, translation, & transcription. Practice converting DNA to amino acids.

46 Terms

1

Griffith

The scientist(s) who experimented with bacteria in mice, concluding that a “transforming material” was transferred to make bacteria deadly

New cards
2

Avery

The scientist(s) who identified DNA as a transforming principle that transfers onto offspring

New cards
3

Hershey & Chase

The scientist(s) who provided evidence that DNA is genetic material

New cards
4

Franklin

The scientist(s) who used X-Ray imagery to first suggest DNA’s helical shape

New cards
5

Watson & Crick

The scientist(s) who developed an accurate model of DNA’s 3D structure

New cards
6

Nucleotide

A monomer that composes DNA & RNA

New cards
7

Phosphate Group, Sugar, & Nitrogen Base

The parts of nucleotides

New cards
8

Hydrogen Bond

The bond between nitrogen bases in DNA

New cards
9

Covalent Bonds

The bond between sugar & phosphate in DNA

New cards
10

T & C

The nitrogen bases that are pyrimidines

New cards
11

A & G

The nitrogen bases that are purines

New cards
12

Pyrimidines

The category of nitrogen bases with a single ring

New cards
13

Purines

The category of nitrogen bases with double rings

New cards
14

A & T

The pair of nitrogen bases forming a double hydrogen bond

New cards
15

C & G

The pair of nitrogen bases forming triple hydrogen bonds

New cards
16

Deoxyribose

The sugar DNA has

New cards
17

Ribose

The sugar RNA has

New cards
18

Antiparallel

The sides of DNA are ______, meaning they face opposite directions

New cards
19

5’ to 3’

DNA Replication goes from __ to __

New cards
20

Creates copies

Replication does this to DNA

New cards
21

DNA Helicase

The enzyme that first unzips the sides of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds

New cards
22

DNA Polymerase

The enzyme that matches nucleotides to create a duplicate of the DNA

New cards
23

Semiconservative

DNA replication is _______, meaning part of it is conserved

New cards
24

Uracil

The chemical RNA has instead of thymine

New cards
25

Single

RNA is _______ stranded

New cards
26

Messenger RNA

The type of RNA that acts as a messenger between DNA in the nucleus and the ribosomes

New cards
27

Ribosomal RNA

The type of RNA that forms part of the ribosome

New cards
28

Transfer RNA

The type of RNA that translates the code from mRNA to proteins

New cards
29

Transcription

The process converting DNA to RNA

New cards
30

Translation

The process interpreting mRNA to amino acid chains forming proteins

New cards
31

Nucleus

The place transcription begins

New cards
32

RNA Polymerase

The enzyme that helps unzip the DNA as the first step converting it to RNA

New cards
33

Codon

The group of 3 nucleotides mRNA is read in

New cards
34

Anti-codon

The group of 3 nucleotides on tRNA

New cards
35

attatched

tRNA is _____ to an amino acid

New cards
36

reads

The tRNA _____ the codon (mRNA) to create the amino acid

New cards
37

Mutation

A change in an organism’s DNA

New cards
38

Print Mutation

A single gene mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another

New cards
39

Frameshift

A single gene mutation in which a base is inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, shifting the entire sequence

New cards
40

Noncoding Region

A mutation may occur in a _______, a part of a chromosome where genetic material isn’t read, so it won’t affect the organism

New cards
41

Gene Duplication

A chromosomal mutation in which an organism has 2 or more copies of the same gene

New cards
42

Gene Translocation

A chromosomal mutation in which DNA is exchanged between 2 different chromosomes

New cards
43

Sex Cells

Mutations in these cells affect offspring

New cards
44

Body Cells

Mutations in these cells do not affect offspring

New cards
45

Replication Errors or Mutagens like UV and Chemicals

What causes genetic mutations?

New cards
46

Genetic code goes from DNA to RNA to Proteins

The Central Dogma of biology

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 72 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 62 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 508 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(6)
note Note
studied byStudied by 69 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14064 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard65 terms
studied byStudied by 15 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard57 terms
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard168 terms
studied byStudied by 55 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard96 terms
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard20 terms
studied byStudied by 123 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(3)
flashcards Flashcard30 terms
studied byStudied by 15 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard100 terms
studied byStudied by 21 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard30 terms
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)