Lab Worksheet 2: Chi-square

Week 2: Wednesday, September 3rd

this analysis measures the amount that observed data differs from an expected outcome based on a proposed hypothesis

Chi-square (X²)

this hypothesis assumes there’s no significant difference between observed and expected results, so you accept it (faily to falsify)

null hypothesis (H0)

this hypothesis assumes there is a significant difference between observed and expected results, so you reject H0 (falsify)

alternative hypothesis (H1)

true or false: Significance levels are set at p < 0.05 for acceptance of an outcome

false. Significance levels are set at p > 0.05 for acceptance of an outcome

true or false: a p value of ≤ 0.05 is deemed to extraordinary, thus falsifying a hypothesis (requires a hypothesis reformation)

true

_______ can be calculated as (the number of categories in the data set) - 1

degrees of freedom (dof)

corm kernels high in _______ content form a rounded, plump, smooth-looking kernel

starch

when sugar content increases, the higher sugar ratio causes greater dehydration of the endosperm layer, causing a _______ appearance.

wrinkled

true or false: the wrinkled appearance in corn kernels may also influence how the color of the kernel is perceived, often making it look darker

true

true or false: the coloration difference of corn kernels is a factor of pigment rather than sugar content

false. the coloration difference of corn kernels is a factor of sugar content rather than pigmentation