Practice Quiz: Skeletal System

What is the role of osteoblasts in bone formation?

They are cells responsible for forming new bone.

Which of the features are found in compact bone tissue?

• Circumferential lamellae

• Perforating canals

• Canaliculi

• Periosteum

• Interstitial lamellae

• Osteons

• Osteocytes

• Central canals

• Lacunae

• Concentric lamellae

What is the primary role of the periosteum in bone tissue anatomy?

Covering the outer surface of bone

What type of cell is active once the matrix of bone calcifies? The cells sits in a lacunae.

Osteocytes

When comparing the regenerative capacity of epithelial tissue to that of cartilage, what is a correct statements?

Epithelial tissue regenerates more quickly than cartilage

Vitamin C is needed for healthy collagen fibers. What tissue will not be as affected if vitamin C was absent or present in low amounts?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

What is the role of the central canal in the osteon?

To house blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

What is the main function of the perichondrium in cartilage tissue?

o provide a blood supply to the avascular cartilage

What is the endosteum in bone tissue anatomy?

The delicate membranous lining of a bone’s medullary cavity

Which term refers to the cell responsible for forming new bone?

Osteoblast

Name the specific process that forms long bones such as the femur.

Endochondral ossification.

This process involves the replacement of a hyaline cartilage model with bone tissue. It's how most of the bones in the body are formed, including the long bones of the limbs, the vertebrae, and the bones at the base of the skull.

In the process of endochondral ossification, what is the significance of the perichondrium becoming the periosteum?

It allows blood vessels and osteoblasts to invade the area, converting it into a bone.

What is the articular cartilage in terms of bone tissue anatomy?

The thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis. Articular cartilage is a smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. It allows the bones to glide over each other with very little friction.

What is the function of osteoclasts in bone formation?

They are cells responsible for resorbing bone.

Which of the following is true regarding bone remodeling?

Bone remodeling can occur to help us maintain adequate concentrations of calcium and phosphate in our blood.

If bone is analogous to a bank, calcium is analogous to

Money.

n this analogy, bone acts like a bank because it is a storage site for various minerals, including calcium. Therefore, calcium is equivalent to money that is stored in the bank (bone) and can be "withdrawn" or "deposited" as necessary.

Which term refers to the sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone, which is replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length?

Epiphyseal plate

Which of these is not a step in intramembranous ossification?

A bony collar forms around the bone

How does the role of osteoblasts differ in the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Osteoblasts are derived from perichondrial cells in endochondral ossification and from mesenchymal cells in intramembranous ossification.

What area of long bone is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells?

Periosteum

If a person frequently cracks their knuckles, which joint feature is primarily responsible for the sound produced?

Movement of the articular cartilages

The main movements occurring at the ankle joint are

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

1. Plantar flexion: pointing the toes downwards.

2. Dorsiflexion: lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin.

Which of the following joints would exhibit the most movement?

Syndesmoses

Syndesmoses are fibrous joints where bones are joined by long fibers of connective tissue, allowing slight movement, such as the joint between the tibia and fibula in the lower leg.

What type of excessive motion do anterior ligaments resist?

Extension

Anterior ligaments, particularly in reference to the spine, resist excessive backward bending or extension. They ensure that the motion is within a safe range to prevent injury.

After an accident, a patient’s radioulnar joint displays limited movement. Given that this joint’s binding structure includes the interosseous membrane, this joint can be categorized under which structural type?

Syndesmoses refer to a type of fibrous joint where the bones are joined by an interosseous ligament or membrane. The radioulnar joint, particularly the proximal and distal ones, has the interosseous membrane binding the radius and ulna, classifying it as a syndesmosis.

Characteristics of a symphysis include

the presence of fibrocartilage

What is the structural classification for epiphyseal growth plate?

synchondrosis (a cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage connects bones, typically temporary)

What is the structural classification for the elbow?

synovial joint (a freely movable joint characterized by a joint cavity, articular cartilage, and a synovial membrane)

What is the structural classification for distal tibia/fibula joint?

syndesmosis (a fibrous joint where bones are connected by a ligament, cord, or sheet of fibrous tissue, allowing for slight movement)

What is the structural classification for ischium articulates with the pubis?

symphysis (a cartilaginous joint where bones are united by fibrocartilage, allowing for slight movement; specifically, the pubic symphysis)

What is the structural classification for the joint between bodies of two adjacent vertebrae?

symphysis (a cartilaginous joint where the vertebral bodies are united by an intervertebral disc of fibrocartilage)

What is the classification for the molar articulates with the mandible?

gomphosis (a fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket articulation, like a tooth in its alveolar socket)

A pre-adolescent has more joints than an adult because of these immovable cartilaginous joints.

epiphyseal plates

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

Diarthrotic joints are also known as synovial joints and are freely movable. The elbow is a hinge type of synovial joint, which allows for the movement needed to lift a glass to drink.

Which statement describes the function of a meniscus?

The menisci (plural of meniscus) are fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee joint. They act as shock absorbers between the femur and tibia and help distribute the weight of the body evenly across the knee joint.