Archeology Final

What are the four Plains Village traditions?

Central Plains, Middle Missouri, Coalescent, Southern Plains

Common traits of Plains Village traditions

Increased horticulture of maize, semisedentary, seasonal bison hunting, earthlodges, tribal social organization, bone tools

Central plains pottery

Grit tempered, cord roughened, or smooth exterior; plain, incised, or corded decorations

Central plains structures

Rectangular house structures below the ground surface in unfortified clusters

Middle Missouri pottery

Globular, grit-tempered pottery; paddle and anvil methodMi

Middle Missouri structures

Fortified villages

Other Middle Missouri unique features

Trade with Great Lakes and Gulf Coast; grew three sisters and tobacco

Coalescent tradition pottery

Cord-roughened, simple stamped, smooth exteriors

Coalescent tradition structures

Homes started as rectangular, but became more circular over time; early fortified, later not

Sothern Plains tradition pottery

Plain and cord-marked

Southern Plains structures

Some wattle and daub houses, some multiroom single story pueblos

What is historical archeology?

Historical archeology is archeology of the recent past (post-colonial); it incorperates both historical and material records to uncover hidden truths

What are the similarities between historical archeology and history?

Shared periods, use of historical records, constructing a narrative

What are the differences between historical archeology and history?

Material record, challenging historical records, focus on everyday

What are the similarities between historical archeology and prehistorical archeology?

Focus on material record, interpreting artifacts within context

What are the differences between historical archeology and prehistorical archeology?

Different research questions and themes, different time periods, community archeology, different types of artifacts

What are the southwest regional traditions?

Ancestral Pueblo, Mogollon, Hohokam, Patayan, Sinagua

When was the Regional Traditions period (southwest)?

1700 to 400 BP

Common characteristics of regional traditions

Agriculture and villages

Characteristics outline

Location, pottery, structures, subsistence, other info, site

Ancestral Pueblo characteristics

Northern southwest, coil-and-scrape pottery with geometric designs, pithouse to pueblo transition, maize/bean/squash agriculture (food storage), check dams

Ancestral Pueblo site

Chaco culture historical park, located northwest New Mexico, major cultural center, multi story great houses, center for culture, trade, politics

Mogollon characteristics

Southern Arizona and Mexico, coil-and-scrape method, pithouses in small settlements, dry farming, check dams, more reliance on hunting, buried bowls with holes

Mogollon site

Casas Grandes, located in Mexico, 2000 rooms, Macaw pens, trade center

Hohokam characteristics

Arizona and Mexico, red slipped and painted pottery, irrigation systems, pithouses and later pueblo, ballcourts, midden mounds capped with adobe

Hohokam site

Snaketown, near Phoenix Arizona on Gila River, canals up to 7 miles long, supported 1-3,000 people

Patayan characteristics

Western southwest (Colorado River valley), paddle and anvil technique (no decoration), rock features (earth ovens), settlement along Colorado River during growing season, known for geoglyphs

Sinagua characteristics

Central Arizona, pottery tempered with ash/crushed volcanic rock (paddle and anvil),cliff dwellings, public gathering spaces (ballcourts)

Sinagua site

Montezuma castle, cliff dwelling 90ft high