Social Anxiety, OCD, Bipolar (Abnormal Exam 2)

What are the 8 criteria for social anxiety

Marked anxiety with social situations, feat will act in a way that will be negatively evaluated, always provokes fear, avoided/endured with intense fear, persistent for 6+ months, significant distress, not other disorder, not medication

What are examples of acting in a way that could be negatively judged

Blushing, trembling, sweating, stumbling over words, staring

What are the causes of social anxiety

Learned that social evaluation can be dangerous, belief that must perform perfectly, socially unskilled, always in danger o behaving incompetently, terrible consequences, no control of anxiety

What does one with social anxiety do after a social situation

Repeatedly review events, ask reinsurance, overestimate how poorly went and negative results

What are the treatments for social anxiety

Exposure therapy (group therapy), cognitive therapy (modify maladaptive thoughts), and social skills training

What is the gender ratio for social anxiety

1:1

What race is most at risk for social anxiety

White

What can social anxiety cause in conversation

Inadequately assertive, highly controlling, soft voice, rigid posture, limited eye contact

What are the 4 criteria of OCD

Obsession, compulsion, or both, Obsession/compulsion takes up 1+ hour per day or cause significant distress, not caused by substance, not another disorder

What are the biological causes of OCD

Low serotonin activity, abnormal functioning in sensory converting areas

What are the behavior causes of OCD

Happen upon compulsion randomly, link improvement in anxiety w/ compulsion, method of reducing anxiety

What are the cognitive causes of OCD

People blame self for thoughts, expect bad things to happen, try to neutralize thoughts w/ compulsions

What are the biological treatments for OCD

Antidepressants that increase serotonin (SSRI’s), medication and therapy

What are the behavior treatments for OCD

Exposure and response prevention

What are the treatments causes for OCD

Educate about symptoms, identity, challenge, change harmful thoughts

What are the 4 criteria for bipolar

Period of abnormally and persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for 1+ week, 3+ of the symptoms, impairment, hospitalization, or psychotic features, not due to medications or medical condition

What are the possible symptoms of bipolar

Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity, decrease need for sleep, more talkative/pressured speech, flight of ideas/racing thoughts, distractibility, increase goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, increase involvement in activities w/ painful consequences

What is bipolar I

One manic episode

What is bipolar II

One depressive episode, one hypomania episode

What is cyclothymia

Hypomania symptoms, depressive symptoms, normal mood for only days - weeks for 2+ years

What are the causes of bipolar

Low serotonin, high norepinephrine, irregularities in transport of ions in axon, basal ganglia and cerebellum smaller

What is the treatment for bipolar

Lithium and anti-seizure medication

What is the gender ratio for bipolar

1:1

What is a manic mixed episode

Mania with 3+ depressive symptoms

What is a mixed depressive episode

Depressive episode and 3+ mania symptoms

What is rapid cycling

4+ mood episodes in a year

How long do the symptoms of social anxiety have to persist for a diagnosis

6+ months

What are types of OCD

Hoarding, Trich, excoriation

What are the specifiers of OCD

Good insight, poor insight, absent insight

What is the specifier of social anxiety

Performance only

How long does a period of abnormality have to last for bipolar

1+ week

How many symptoms do you need for bipolar

3+

How long do you need to have symptoms for cyclothymia

2+ years

What are the risk factors for suicide

Mental disorders, previous attempts, physical illness, social isolation, hopelessness, sleep disturbance

What are the 3 components of the cubic model

Psychological pain, stress, and agitation

What is included in psychological pain

Psychahce (unbearable suffering)

How is psychological pain treated

Raising threshold and/or reducing pain

What is stress in the cubic model

External or internal stress, overrun w/ psychological demands

What is agitation in cubic model

Desire to do something to change unbearable state, psychological energy behind suicidal behaviors

What are the 3 components to the interpersonal model

Thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, acquired capability

What is thwarted belongingness in the interpersonal model

Loneliness, a sense of reciprocally-caring relationships

What is perceived burdensomeness

Death means more than life (liability), self hate

What is acquired capability in the interpersonal model

Decreased fear of death and increased pain tolerance

What does means restriction mean

Prevention

What is means restriction

Physical barriers (nets) at hot spots, gun control

Why does means restriction work

Decrease probability when preferred method stopped, use less lethal methods/delayed attempts

What are the initial results of means restriction

86% decrease at sites, 44% increase at near sites, 28% decrease overall

What are the biological factors of suicide

Family pedigree, decrease serotonin (decrease serotonin receptors), age (increase with age, decrease with middle age, increase at 85)